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Wiki Wiki Summary
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Surgery Surgery is a medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery".
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Balance sheet In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year.
Financial statement Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of the financial activities and position of a business, person, or other entity.\nRelevant financial information is presented in a structured manner and in a form which is easy to understand.
Financial ratio A financial ratio or accounting ratio is a relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Often used in accounting, there are many standard ratios used to try to evaluate the overall financial condition of a corporation or other organization.
Trustmark (bank) Trustmark is a commercial bank and financial services company headquartered in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, with subsidiaries Trustmark National Bank, Trustmark Investment Advisors, and Fisher Brown Bottrell Insurance. The bank's initial predecessor, The Jackson Bank, was chartered by the State of Mississippi in 1889.
Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac In September 2008 the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced that it would take over the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). Both government-sponsored enterprises, which finance home mortgages in the United States by issuing bonds, had become illiquid as the market for those bonds collapsed in the subprime mortgage crisis.
Mergers and acquisitions In corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities. As an aspect of strategic management, M&A can allow enterprises to grow or downsize, and change the nature of their business or competitive position.
Rules of Acquisition In the fictional Star Trek universe, the Rules of Acquisition are a collection of sacred business proverbs of the ultra-capitalist race known as the Ferengi.\nThe first mention of rules in the Star Trek universe was in "The Nagus", an episode of the TV series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (Season 1, Episode 10).
Language acquisition device The Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is a claim from language acquisition research proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1960s. The LAD concept is a purported instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language.
Risk management Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.\nRisks can come from various sources including uncertainty in international markets, threats from project failures (at any phase in design, development, production, or sustaining of life-cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters, deliberate attack from an adversary, or events of uncertain or unpredictable root-cause.
Systemically important financial institution A systemically important financial institution (SIFI) is a bank, insurance company, or other financial institution whose failure might trigger a financial crisis. They are colloquially referred to as "too big to fail".As the financial crisis of 2007–2008 unfolded, the international community moved to protect the global financial system through preventing the failure of SIFIs, or, if one does fail, limiting the adverse effects of its failure.
Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business.
Capital market A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold, in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold. Capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long-term investments.
Institution Institutions are humanly devised structures of rules and norms that shape and constrain individual behavior. All definitions of institutions generally entail that there is a level of persistence and continuity.
Cultural institution A cultural institution or cultural organization is an organization within a culture/subculture that works for the preservation or promotion of culture. The term is especially used of public and charitable organizations, but its range of meaning can be very broad.
List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.) is a technology company that has acquired 91 other companies, including WhatsApp. The WhatsApp acquisition closed at a steep $16 billion; more than $40 per user of the platform.
List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet Google is a computer software and a web search engine company that acquired, on average, more than one company per week in 2010 and 2011. The table below is an incomplete list of acquisitions, with each acquisition listed being for the respective company in its entirety, unless otherwise specified.
List of acquisitions by Oracle This is a listing of Oracle Corporation's corporate acquisitions, including acquisitions of both companies and individual products.\nOracle's version does not include value of the acquisition.See also Category:Sun Microsystems acquisitions (Sun was acquired by Oracle).
Bolt-on acquisition Bolt-on acquisition refers to the acquisition of smaller companies, usually in the same line of business, that presents strategic value. This is in contrast to primary acquisitions of other companies which are generally in different industries, require larger investments, or are of similar size to the acquiring company.
Library acquisitions Library acquisitions is the department of a library responsible for the selection and purchase of materials or resources. The department may select vendors, negotiate consortium pricing, arrange for standing orders, and select individual titles or resources.Libraries, both physical and digital, usually have four common broad goals that help dictate these responsibilities.
Savings and loan crisis The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s (commonly dubbed the S&L crisis) was the failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 savings and loan associations (S&Ls) in the United States from 1986 to 1995. An S&L or "thrift" is a financial institution that accepts savings deposits and makes mortgage, car and other personal loans to individual members (a cooperative venture known in the United Kingdom as a building society).
Capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a state-sanctioned practice of killing a person as a punishment for a crime. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution.
Venture capital Venture capital (VC) is a form of private equity financing that is provided by venture capital firms or funds to startups, early-stage, and emerging companies that have been deemed to have high growth potential or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, scale of operations, etc). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity, or an ownership stake.
Standby Equity Distribution Agreement In corporate finance, a Standby Equity Distribution Agreement (SEDA) is a type of share allocation agreement between a company and a share purchaser. It is a form of private placement.
Emergency management Emergency management, also called emergency response or disaster management, is the organization and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (prevention, preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery). The aim is to prevent and reduce the harmful effects of all hazards, including disasters.
Agile management Agile management is the application of the principles of Agile software development to various management processes, particularly project management. Following the appearance of the Manifesto for Agile Software Development in 2001, Agile techniques started to spread into other areas of activity.
Network management Network management is the process of administering and managing computer networks. Services provided by this discipline include fault analysis, performance management, provisioning of networks and maintaining quality of service.
Sport management Sport management is the field of business dealing with sports and recreation. Sports management involves any combination of skills that correspond with planning, organizing, directing, controlling, budgeting, leading, or evaluating of any organization or business within the sports field.
Test management Test management most commonly refers to the activity of managing a testing process. A test management tool is software used to manage tests (automated or manual) that have been previously specified by a test procedure.
Risk Factors
Changing regulatory structure—Industry regulators such as the Federal Reserve, the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation may modify current regulations applicable to our operations
Additionally, future changes in legislation, including legislation governing publicly traded companies could impact our operations
We cannot predict the impact of implementing any future regulatory changes on the results of our operations or financial condition
Monetary policy and economic environment—The policies of regulatory authorities, including the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve, have a significant effect on the operating results of financial holding companies and their subsidiaries
Among the means available to the Federal Reserve to affect the money supply are open market operations in US Government securities, changes in the discount rate on member bank borrowings, and changes in reserve requirements against member bank deposits
These means are used in varying combinations to influence overall growth and distribution of bank loans, investments and deposits, and their use may affect interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits
The Federal Reserve’s monetary policies have materially affected the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future
The nature of future monetary policies and the effect of these policies on our business and earnings cannot be predicted
Our growth strategy involves operating and acquisition risks that may negatively impact our profits—We face risks in our growth strategy, including the risks that we will be unable to expand our business through the acquisition of other financial institutions or bank branches or by internal growth, including the opening of new branch offices
Our ability to grow profitably through the opening of new branches involves risks that the growth depends primarily on our ability to identify attractive markets and acquire or establish branch locations in those markets at reasonable costs
In addition, we must attract the necessary deposits and generate sound loans in those markets
Acquiring other financial institutions or bank branches involves these same risks, as well as additional risks, including: · adverse change in the results of operations of the acquired entities; · unforeseen liabilities or asset quality problems of the acquired entities; · greater than anticipated costs of integrating acquisitions; · adverse personnel relations; · loss of customers; and · deterioration of local economic conditions
The risks discussed above may inhibit or restrict our strategy to grow through acquisition and branch expansion, and may negatively impact our revenue growth and ultimately reduce profits
If we are unable to successfully integrate acquisitions, our earnings could decrease—In connection with our acquisitions of other banks, bank branches or other financial service providers, we face risks in integrating and managing these businesses
We have a history of growth through acquisitions and plan to continue this strategy
To integrate an acquisition operationally, we must: · centralize and standardize policies, procedures, practices, and processes; · combine employee benefit plans; 14 ______________________________________________________________________ · implement a unified investment policy and adjust the combined investment portfolio to comply with the policy; · implement a unified loan policy and confirm lending authority; · implement a standard loan management system; and · implement a loan loss reserve policy
Integrating acquisitions may detract attention from our day-to-day business and may result in unexpected costs
Once an acquired business is integrated, our future prospects will be subject to a number of risks, including, among others: · our ability to compete effectively in new market areas; · our successful retention of earning assets, including loans acquired in acquisitions; · our ability to generate new earning assets; · our ability to attract deposits; · our ability to achieve cost savings
Historically, we have not implemented wholesale cost cutting after acquisitions, preferring to adjust operational costs on an ongoing basis in order to preserve market share and each acquired entity’s standing in its community; and · our ability to attract and retain qualified management and other appropriate personnel
An inability to manage these factors may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations
Our growth may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but sufficient capital may not be available when it is needed—We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support our operations
We anticipate that our existing capital resources will satisfy our immediate foreseeable capital requirements
However, to the extent that we further expand our asset base, primarily through loan growth, we will be required to support this growth by increasing our capital
Accordingly, we may need to raise additional capital in the future to support continued asset growth
Our ability to raise additional capital to support future loan growth will depend on conditions in the capital markets, which are outside of our control, and on our financial performance
Accordingly, we cannot assure our ability to raise additional capital when needed or on economical terms
If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, we will be subject to increased regulatory supervision and the imposition of restrictions on our growth and our business
Also, these restrictions could negatively impact our ability to further expand our operations through acquisitions or the establishment of additional branches and result in increases in operating expenses and reductions in revenues that would negatively affect our operating results
We rely heavily on our management team, and the unexpected loss of key managers may adversely affect our operations—Much of our success to date has been influenced strongly by our ability to attract and retain senior management experienced in banking and financial services
Our ability to retain executive officers, the current management teams and loan officers of our operating subsidiaries will continue to be important to the successful implementation of our strategies
It is also critical to be able to attract and retain qualified additional management and loan officers
The unexpected loss of services of any key management personnel, or the inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
15 ______________________________________________________________________ We may not be able to successfully implement our strategy to enter new markets—Our strategic plan includes expansion into growing markets by acquisition or by establishing new offices
Expansion requires a significant expenditure of capital in order to prepare the facilities for operation and additional expense in order to staff these new facilities
As our new offices mature and grow, we are able to spread our overhead costs over a broader asset base
While our new offices are generating loan activity consistent with our expectations, we may encounter unanticipated difficulties that could adversely affect future profitability
In addition, we cannot ensure that we will be able to operate and manage our operations in new markets successfully or recover our initial capital investment in these operations
We may not be successful in implementing our internal growth strategy due to numerous factors, which would negatively affect earnings—We intend to continue pursuing an internal growth strategy, the success of which is subject to our ability to generate an increasing level of loans and deposits at acceptable risk levels without corresponding increases in non-interest expenses
We may not be successful in our internal growth strategies due to competition, delays, and other impediments resulting from regulatory oversight, lack of qualified personnel, scarcity of branch sites or deficient site selection of bank branches
In addition, the success of our internal growth strategy will depend on maintaining sufficient regulatory capital levels and on positive economic conditions in our primary market areas
We face intense competition in all phases of our business from other banks and financial institutions—We compete for deposits with a large number of depository institutions including commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, money market funds and other financial institutions and financial intermediaries serving our operating areas
Principal competitive factors with respect to deposits include interest rates paid on deposits, customer service, convenience, and location
We compete for loans with other banks located in our operating areas, with loan production offices of large banks headquartered in other states, as well as with savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, mortgage bankers, leasing companies and other institutions
Competitive factors with respect to loans include interest rates charged, customer service and responsiveness in tailoring financial products to the needs of customers
We face significant competition from other financial institutions in making any potential acquisitions
Many of our acquisition competitors have substantially greater monetary resources than we do, as well as the ability to issue marketable equity securities with significantly greater value than we can to pay for part or all of the purchase price
Many of the entities that we compete with are substantially larger in size, and many non-bank financial intermediaries are not subject to the regulatory restrictions applicable to our bank subsidiaries
Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio—We establish an allowance for loan losses in consultation with management of our bank subsidiaries and maintain it at a level considered adequate by management to absorb loan losses that are inherent in our loan portfolio
The amount of future loan losses is susceptible to changes in economic, operating and other conditions, including changes in interest rates that may be beyond our control and these losses may exceed current estimates
Although management believes that our allowance for loan losses is adequate to absorb losses on any existing loans that may become uncollectible, we cannot predict loan losses with certainty, and we cannot ensure that our allowance for loan losses will prove sufficient to cover actual loan losses in the future
Loan losses in excess of our allowance for loan losses may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations
If economic conditions in general and in our primary market areas deteriorate, our revenues could decrease—Our financial results may be adversely affected by changes in prevailing economic conditions, including declines in real estate values, changes in interest rates which cause a decrease in interest rate 16 ______________________________________________________________________ spreads, adverse employment conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government
Because we have a significant amount of real estate loans, declines in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral
In addition, substantially all of our loans are to individuals and businesses in suburban Kansas City, Eastern Kansas, Western Missouri, the Colorado Springs metropolitan area, and the Omaha, Nebraska metropolitan area
Any decline in the economy of these market areas could have an adverse impact on our revenues
There can be no assurance that positive trends or developments discussed in this report will continue or that negative trends or developments will not have significant downward effects on our revenues
Our business is subject to credit risks, which may adversely affect our earnings—Our loan customers may not repay their loans according to their terms, and collateral securing their loans, if any, may not have a value equal to amounts owed under their loans
Should the economic climate deteriorate, borrowers may experience difficulty in repaying their loans, and the level of non-performing loans, charge-offs, and delinquencies could rise and require further increases in the provision for loan losses which would cause our net income to decline
Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which are not statements of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (the Act), including, without limitation, the statements specifically identified as forward-looking statements within this document
In addition, certain statements in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, press releases or oral and written statements made by or with our approval, which are not statements of historical fact, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act
Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenue, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, capital structure and other financial items, (ii) statements of plans and objectives of the Company’s, management or board of directors, including those relating to products or services, (iii) statements of future economic performance and (iv) statements such as “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “plans”, “targets”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements
Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements
Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) the strength of the US economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which operations are conducted; (ii) the effects of and changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve Board; (iii) inflation, interest rates, market and monetary fluctuations; (iv) the timely development of and acceptance of new products and services and perceived overall value of these products and services by users; (v) changes in consumer spending, borrowing, and savings habits; (vi) technological changes; (vii) acquisitions and our ability to assimilate them; (viii) the ability to increase market shares and control expenses; (ix) the effect of changes in laws and regulations (including laws and regulations concerning taxes, banking, and securities) with which we must comply; (x) the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies as well as the Financial Accounting Standards Board, (xi) changes in our organization, compensation, and benefits plans; (xii) the costs and effects of litigation and of unexpected or adverse outcomes in such litigation; (xiii) the risks discussed above under “Item 1A Risk Factors” and (xiv) our success at managing risks involved in the foregoing
17 ______________________________________________________________________ Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events