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Wiki Wiki Summary
Measurement uncertainty In metrology, measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a measured quantity. All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measurement result is complete only when it is accompanied by a statement of the associated uncertainty, such as the standard deviation.
Ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcelain, and brick.
Materials science The interdisciplinary field of materials science covers the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The field is also commonly termed materials science and engineering emphasizing engineering aspects of building useful items, and materials physics, which emphasizes the use of physics to describe material properties.
Subregion A subregion is a part of a larger region or continent and is usually based on location. Cardinal directions, such as south are commonly used to define a subregion.
Diving regulator A diving regulator is a pressure regulator that controls the pressure of breathing gas for diving. The most commonly recognised application is to reduce pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and deliver it to the diver, but there are also other types of gas pressure regulator used for diving applications.
Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud Dhananjaya Yeshwant Chandrachud (born 11 November 1959) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He is a former Chief Justice of the Allahabad High Court and a former judge of Bombay High Court.
Nursing home care in the United States As of 2017, approximately 1.4 million Americans live in a nursing home, two-thirds of whom rely on Medicaid to pay for their care. Residential nursing facilities receive Medicaid federal funding and approvals through a state health department.
Environmental protection Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.Due to the pressures of overconsumption, population growth and technology, the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently.
Cognitive remediation therapy Cognitive remediation is designed to improve neurocognitive abilities such as attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility and planning, and executive functioning which leads to improved psychosocial functioning.\n\n\n== Empirical support ==\nEmpirical support for cognitive remediation in traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia is documented by published randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
FODMAP Guangdong Foday Automobile Co., Ltd., trading as Foday, is an automotive manufacturing company based in Guangdong, China. With roots going back to 1988, it used to be known as Guangdong Fudi Automobile Co., Ltd..
Self-actualization Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled.\nSelf-actualization was coined by the organismic theorist Kurt Goldstein for the motive to realize one's full potential: "the tendency to actualize itself as fully as possible is the basic drive ...
Impleader Impleader is a United States civil court procedural device before trial in which a defendant joins a third party into a lawsuit because that third party is liable to an original defendant. Using the vocabulary of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the defendant seeks to become a third-party plaintiff by filing a third party complaint against a third party not presently party to the lawsuit, who thereby becomes a third-party defendant.
Occupational injury An occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working. The most common organs involved are the spine, hands, the head, lungs, eyes, skeleton, and skin.
Automotive industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % such as in France up to 40 % to countries like Slovakia).
Hindustan Motors Hindustan Motors is an Indian automotive manufacturer based in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It is a part of the Birla Technical Services conglomerate.
Structured settlement A structured settlement is a negotiated financial or insurance arrangement through which a claimant agrees to resolve a personal injury tort claim by receiving part or all of a settlement in the form of periodic payments on an agreed schedule, rather than as a lump sum. As part of the negotiations, a structured settlement may be offered by the defendant or requested by the plaintiff.
Party of the European Left The Party of the European Left (PEL), commonly abbreviated European Left, is a European political party that operates as an association of democratic socialist and communist political parties in the European Union and other European countries. It was formed in January 2004 for the purposes of running in the 2004 European Parliament elections.
Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CCP was founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao.
Discus throw The discus throw (pronunciation), also known as disc throw, is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their competitors. It is an ancient sport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-BC Myron statue Discobolus.
Eight Deliberations Eight Deliberations (simplified Chinese: 八议; traditional Chinese: 八議; pinyin: Bā Yì), also translated as Eight Considerations, Eight Discussions, Eight Discussed Cases or Eight Precedents, was a set of principles used by traditional Chinese law in order to lessen legal punishment on the royals, nobles and members of upper classes. \n\n\n== Origins ==\nThe Eight Deliberations were established by the Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period and originated from similar regulations in the Rites of Zhou.
One Day Remains One Day Remains is the debut studio album by the American rock band Alter Bridge, released on August 10, 2004, on Wind-up Records. The album was produced by Ben Grosse, making it the band's only album to not be produced by Michael "Elvis" Baskette as of 2020; additionally, it is the only release by the band on which lead singer Myles Kennedy does not play guitar.
Table of Contents (Enochs) Table of Contents is a sculpture designed by the American artist Dale Enochs. The sculpture is made from limestone and was commissioned by Joseph F. Miller.
Raw Materials Research and Development Council The Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) is a federal government of Nigerian agency for research institutions that is responsible for industrial raw materials growth, promotion and utilization supervised by Federal Ministry of Sciences and Technology. It has it head office at Maitama district Garki, Abuja.
Social ownership Social ownership is the appropriation of the surplus product, produced by the means of production, to society as a whole. It is the defining characteristic of a socialist economic system.
Freemasonry Freemasonry or Masonry refers to fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local guilds of stonemasons that, from the end of the 13th century, regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of two main recognition groups: \n\nRegular Freemasonry insists that a volume of scripture be open in a working lodge, that every member profess belief in a Supreme Being, that no women be admitted, and that the discussion of religion and politics be banned.
Requirement In product development and process optimization, a requirement is a singular documented physical or functional need that a particular design, product or process aims to satisfy. It is commonly used in a formal sense in engineering design, including for example in systems engineering, software engineering, or enterprise engineering.
Requirements engineering Requirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering.
Dysphagia Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult', and φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the opposite of euphoria.
Inherent safety In the chemical and process industries, a process has inherent safety if it has a low level of danger even if things go wrong. Inherent safety contrasts with other processes where a high degree of hazard is controlled by protective systems.
Hazmat suit A hazmat suit (hazardous materials suit) is a piece of personal protective equipment that consists of an impermeable whole-body garment worn as protection against hazardous materials. Such suits are often combined with self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) to ensure a supply of breathable air.
Biosafety level A biosafety level (BSL), or pathogen/protection level, is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility. The levels of containment range from the lowest biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) to the highest at level 4 (BSL-4).
Press release A press release is an official statement delivered to members of the news media for the purpose of providing information, creating an official statement, or making an announcement directed for public release. Press releases are also considered a primary source, meaning they are original informants for information.
Modified-release dosage Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects. This can be achieved through a variety of formulations, including liposomes and drug-polymer conjugates (an example being hydrogels).
Spontaneous generation Spontaneous generation is a body of thought on the ordinary formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms. The theory of spontaneous generation held that living creatures could arise from nonliving matter and that such processes were commonplace and regular.
Vehicle insurance Vehicle insurance (also known as car insurance, motor insurance, or auto insurance) is insurance for cars, trucks, motorcycles, and other road vehicles. Its primary use is to provide financial protection against physical damage or bodily injury resulting from traffic collisions and against liability that could also arise from incidents in a vehicle.
Trespass Against Us Trespass Against Us is a 2016 crime drama film directed by Adam Smith and written by Alastair Siddons. The film stars Michael Fassbender, Brendan Gleeson, Sean Harris, Lyndsey Marshal, Rory Kinnear, and Killian Scott.
Against Us Trespass Against Us is a 2016 crime drama film directed by Adam Smith and written by Alastair Siddons. The film stars Michael Fassbender, Brendan Gleeson, Sean Harris, Lyndsey Marshal, Rory Kinnear, and Killian Scott.
You are either with us, or against us In political communication, the phrase "you are either with us, or against us" and similar variations are used to generate polarisation and reject non-partisanship. The implied consequence of not joining the partisan effort of the speaker is to be deemed an enemy.
Risk Factors
Risk Factors As a global manufacturer of coatings, glass and chemicals products, we operate in a business environment that includes risks that are not unlike the risks we have faced in years past
Each of the risks described in this section could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition
While the factors listed here are considered to be the more significant factors, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties
Unlisted factors may present significant additional obstacles which may adversely affect our business
• Our operating results are significantly affected by the cost of raw materials and energy, including natural gas
We may not be able to fully offset the impact of higher raw materials and energy costs through price increases or productivity improvements
• Growing competition from companies in certain regions of the world, including Asia, Eastern Europe and South America, where energy and labor costs are lower than the US could reduce demand for our products
• Our facilities are subject to various environmental laws and regulations
Remediation at certain facilities is an ongoing operating cost, as pretax charges against income over the last 15 years for environmental remediation have ranged between dlra10 million and dlra49 million annually
We have accrued dlra94 million for estimated remediation costs that are probable at Dec
In addition to the amounts currently reserved, the Company may be subject to loss contingencies related to environmental matters estimated to be as much as dlra200 million to dlra400 million
Such unreserved losses are reasonably possible but are not currently considered to be probable of occurrence
• We are involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential, in which substantial monetary damages are sought
The unpredictability of existing and possible future litigation could have an adverse impact on our operating results
• For over thirty years, we have been a defendant in lawsuits involving claims alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos
Most of our potential exposure relates to allegations by plaintiffs that PPG should be liable for injuries involving asbestos-containing thermal insulation products manufactured by a 50prca owned joint venture, Pittsburgh Corning Corporation
Although we have entered into a settlement arrangement with several parties concerning these asbestos claims as discussed in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities,” under Item 8 of this Form 10-K, the arrangement remains subject to court approval and if not approved, the outcome could be material to the results of operations of any particular period
• We sell products to US automotive original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers
Further deterioration of market conditions could cause certain of our customers to have liquidity problems, potentially resulting in the write-off of amounts due from these customers
• Because we are a global company, our results are subject to certain inherent risks, including economic and political conditions in international markets and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates
While approximately 90prca of sales and operating income is generated by products sold in the United States, Canada and Western Europe, our remaining 14 [|] 2005 PPG ANNUAL REPORT AND FORM 10-K ______________________________________________________________________ [28]Table of Contents sales and operating income are generated in developing regions, such as Asia, Eastern Europe and South America
• Certain raw materials are critical to our production processes
These include titanium dioxide and epoxy and other resins in the coatings segment and sand, soda ash and polyvinyl butyral in the glass segment
The Company has made, and plans to continue to make, supply arrangements to meet the planned operating requirements for the future
However, an inability to obtain these critical raw materials would adversely impact our ability to produce products
• As a producer of industrial chemicals and coatings, we manufacture and transport certain materials that are inherently hazardous due to their toxic or volatile nature
We have significant experience in handling these materials and take precautions to handle and transport them in a safe manner
However, these materials, if mishandled or released into the environment, could cause substantial property damage or personal injuries resulting in significant legal claims against us