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Wiki Wiki Summary
Financial ratio A financial ratio or accounting ratio is a relative magnitude of two selected numerical values taken from an enterprise's financial statements. Often used in accounting, there are many standard ratios used to try to evaluate the overall financial condition of a corporation or other organization.
Alternative medicine Alternative medicine is any practice that aims to achieve the healing effects of medicine, but which lacks biological plausibility and is untested, untestable or proven ineffective. Complementary medicine (CM), complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), integrated medicine or integrative medicine (IM), and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings that describe various ways alternative medicine is combined with mainstream medicine.
Film treatment A film treatment (or simply treatment) is a piece of prose, typically the step between scene cards (index cards) and the first draft of a screenplay for a motion picture, television program, or radio play. It is generally longer and more detailed than an outline (or one-page synopsis), and it may include details of directorial style that an outline omits.
Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business.
Infertility Fertility is the capability to produce offspring through reproduction following the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility rate is the average number of children born by a female during her lifetime and is quantified demographically.
Fertility Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects).
Age and female fertility Female fertility is affected by age and is a major fertility factor for women. A woman's fertility peaks between the late teens and late-20s, after which it starts to decline slowly.
Ethics in pharmaceutical sales The ethics involved within pharmaceutical sales is built from the organizational ethics, which is a matter of system compliance, accountability and culture (Grace & Cohen, 2005). Organizational ethics are used when developing the marketing and sales strategy to both the public and the healthcare profession of the strategy.
List of fertility deities A fertility deity is a god or goddess associated with fertility, sex, pregnancy, childbirth, and crops. In some cases these deities are directly associated with these experiences; in others they are more abstract symbols.
Sub-replacement fertility Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate (TFR) that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one in a given area. The United Nations Population Division defines sub-replacement fertility as any rate below approximately 2.1 children born per woman of childbearing age, but the threshold can be as high as 3.4 in some developing countries because of higher mortality rates.
Fertility rite The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if:\n\nshe were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through her lifetime\nshe were to live from birth until the end of her reproductive life.It is obtained by summing the single-year age-specific rates at a given time. As of 2021, the total fertility rate varied from 0.81 in South Korea to 7.0 in Niger.Fertility tends to be correlated with the level of economic development.
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that trains physicians in reproductive medicine addressing hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility. While most REI specialists primarily focus on the treatment of infertility, reproductive endocrinologists are trained to also test and treat hormonal dysfunctions in females and males outside infertility.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Operations director The role of operations director generally encompasses the oversight of operational aspects of company strategy with responsibilities to ensure operation information is supplied to the chief executive and the board of directors as well as external parties.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe role of operations director can vary according to the size of a company, and at some companies many even encompass some or all the functions of a chief operating officer.The Institute of Directors of the United Kingdom defines the role as overseeing "all operational aspects of company strategy" and "responsible for the flow of operations information to the chief executive, the board and, where necessary, external parties such as investors or financial institutions".
Evidence-based practice Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the idea that occupational practices ought to be based on scientific evidence. While seemingly obviously desirable, the proposal has been controversial, with some arguing that results may not specialize to individuals as well as traditional practices.
Sati (practice) Sati or suttee is a Hindu practice, now mostly historical, in which a widow sacrifices herself by sitting atop her deceased husband's funeral pyre. Greek sources from around 300 BCE make isolated mention of sati, but it probably developed into a real fire sacrifice in the medieval era within the northwestern Rajput clans to which it remained limited, to become more widespread during the late medieval era.During the early modern Mughal period, it was notably associated with elite Hindu Rajput clans in western India, marking one of the points of divergence between Hindu Rajputs and the Muslim Mughals, who banned the practice.
Business ethics Business ethics (also known as corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics, that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that can arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Corporate governance Corporate governance is defined, described or delineated in diverse ways, depending on the writer's purpose. Writers focussed on a disciplinary interest or context (such as accounting, finance, law, or management) often adopt narrow definitions that appear purpose-specific.
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP is an international white shoe law firm headquartered in New York City. The firm specializes in litigation and corporate practices, particularly mergers and acquisitions, with over 1,000 attorneys in 11 offices worldwide.
Medical license A medical license is an occupational license that permits a person to legally practice medicine. In most countries, a person must have a medical license bestowed either by a specified government-approved professional association or a government agency before he or she can practice medicine.
Medicover Hospitals Medicover Hospitals is a multinational hospitals chain in Europe and India. It is a part of European healthcare groups having its presence in 12 countries across the world with 26 hospitals.The Medicover group provides a broad spectrum of Health care services and has a network of hospitals, cancer institutes, specialty care facilities, Fertility Centers, and diagnostic labs.
Artificial insemination Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse or in vitro fertilisation. It is a fertility treatment for humans, and is common practice in animal breeding, including dairy cattle (see Frozen bovine semen) and pigs.
Risk Factors
INTEGRAMED AMERICA INC ITEM 1A Risk Factors Risk Factors The following risk factors, while not intended to be all inclusive, could individually or in combination have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operation and market price of our common stock
Competition - Our industry is highly competitive and subject to continual change
New health care providers entering the market may reduce our market share, patient volume and growth rates
Additionally, increased competitive pressures may require us to commit more resources to our marketing efforts, thereby increasing our cost structure and impacting our profitability
There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively with our current competitors
Nor can there be assurance that additional competitors will not enter the market, or that such competition will not make it more difficult for us to enter into Affiliate or FertilityPartner contracts
Alternative treatments - In addition to the services provided by our clinics, alternative treatments are available to patients with infertility issues
To the extent that these treatments are successful, or perceived as viable alternatives by prospective patients, our ability to attract and retain patients may be impacted
Supply disruptions - Our industry relies on a relatively few number of manufacturers of specialty fertility equipment
A disruption on the part of an equipment provider may render the medical providers within our network without the means to treat patients
Management turnover - The success of our business strategy depends upon the continued contribution of key members of our management team
The loss of key members of this team may adversely affect our ability to implement that strategy
Third-party payors - A significant portion of our FertilityPartners revenue depends upon reimbursements from third-party payors
Disruption of this relationship, whether in the form of changes to reimbursement contracts or solvency issues on the part of the payors, may lower our Service fees and therefore affect our cash flows and financial position
Reliance on third party vendors - Our pharmaceutical sales and fertility clinics are dependent on a limited number of third-party vendors that produce medications vital to treating infertility
Should any of these vendors experience a supply shortage, it may have an adverse impact on the operations of our pharmaceutical sales and our network members
To date, no shortage or disruption has been experienced
State and Federal laws - Our business practices may be found to be in violation of State or Federal laws
These include, but are not limited to, Federal and State Anti-Kickback Laws, Federal and State Self-Referral Laws, False Claim Laws, Federal and State Controlled Substances laws, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) regulations and Anti-Trust Laws
Remedial efforts could result in a discontinuance of portions of our business or burdensome compliance efforts
The laws and regulations in this area are extremely complex and subject to interpretation and many aspects our business have not been the subject of federal or state regulatory review
Accordingly, there is no assurance that our operations have been in compliance at all times with all such laws and regulations
In addition, there is no assurance that a court or regulatory authority will not determine that our past, current or future operations violate applicable laws or regulations
If our operations were determined to violate laws or regulations, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results
In addition, state corporate practice of medical laws vary from state to state
There can be no assurance that these laws will be interpreted in a manner consistent with our practices or that other laws or regulations will not be enacted in the future that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results
Corporate practice of medicine laws - Our operations may also be subject to state laws relating to the corporate practice of medicine
State laws may prohibit corporations other than medical professional corporations or 9 associations from practicing medicine or exercising control over physicians, and may prohibit physicians from practicing medicine in partnership with, or as employees of, any person not licensed to practice medicine
State laws may also contain fee-splitting prohibitions or may prevent corporations from acquiring the goodwill of a medical practice
We believe that our operations are in material compliance with all applicable state laws relating to the corporate practice of medicine
In each FertilityPartner agreement, the fertility center is the sole employer of the physicians, and the fertility center retains the full authority to direct the medical, professional and ethical aspects of its medical practice
Liability insurance - Providing health care services entails a substantial risk of medical malpractice and similar claims
While we do not engage in the practice of medicine, or assume responsibility for compliance with regulatory requirements directly applicable to physicians, we do require our fertility centers to maintain medical malpractice insurance
However, in the event that services provided at one of our fertility centers results in injury or other adverse effects, we are likely to be named as a party in any legal proceeding
Although we currently maintain liability insurance that we believe is adequate, successful malpractice claims could exceed the limits of our insurance and could have a material adverse effect on our business
Moreover, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such insurance on commercially reasonable terms in the future or that such insurance will provide adequate coverage against potential claims
In addition, a malpractice claim asserted against us could be costly to defend, could consume management resources and could adversely affect our reputation and business, regardless of the merit or eventual outcome of such claim
In addition, in connection with our acquisition of the assets of a fertility centers, we may also assume some of the centerapstas liabilities
Therefore, an entity may assert claims against us for events related to the fertility center prior to its becoming a FertilityPartner
We maintain insurance coverage related to these risks that we believe is adequate as to the risks and amounts, although there is no assurance that any successful claims will not exceed applicable policy limits
Contract termination - One or more of our FertilityPartner practices may terminate their membership in our network
Such an occurrence would significantly reduce our revenues without a corresponding reduction in our cost structure
Physician resignation - The departure of one or more key medical providers may negatively impact the ability of our FertilityPartners to generate sufficient revenues
A reduction in FertilityPartner revenue would reduce our revenues and may require us to advance funds to the fertility center
Technology risks - The treatment of infertility is a technologically intensive area of medicine
Financial results - Our quarterly results and stock price may fluctuate over time based on our business risk factors, seasonal influences, market expectations or other factors over which we have limited control
In addition changes to financial variables over which we do exercise some control, such as dividend policy, stock dilution, banking and credit facilities, etc, may be perceived differently by different stakeholders, and thereby influence our stock price