| Industries |
|---|
| Automobile Manufacturers |
| Motorcycle Manufacturers |
| Investment Banking and Brokerage |
| Environmental Services |
| Commercial and Professional Services |
| Exposures |
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| Military |
| Express intent |
| Judicial |
| Event Codes |
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| Yield to order |
| Solicit support |
| Accident |
| Reward |
| Military blockade |
| Host meeting |
| Sports contest |
| Agree |
| Warn |
| Riot |
| Defy norms |
| Consult |
| Wiki | Wiki Summary |
|---|---|
| Nervous Conditions | Nervous Conditions is a novel by Zimbabwean author Tsitsi Dangarembga, first published in the United Kingdom in 1988. It was the first book published by a black woman from Zimbabwe in English. |
| Wolfe conditions | In the unconstrained minimization problem, the Wolfe conditions are a set of inequalities for performing inexact line search, especially in quasi-Newton methods, first published by Philip Wolfe in 1969.In these methods the idea is to find\n\n \n \n \n \n min\n \n x\n \n \n f\n (\n \n x\n \n )\n \n \n {\displaystyle \min _{x}f(\mathbf {x} )}\n for some smooth \n \n \n \n f\n :\n \n \n R\n \n \n n\n \n \n →\n \n R\n \n \n \n {\displaystyle f\colon \mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }\n . Each step often involves approximately solving the subproblem\n\n \n \n \n \n min\n \n α\n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n x\n \n \n k\n \n \n +\n α\n \n \n p\n \n \n k\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\displaystyle \min _{\alpha }f(\mathbf {x} _{k}+\alpha \mathbf {p} _{k})}\n where \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n \n k\n \n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{k}}\n is the current best guess, \n \n \n \n \n \n p\n \n \n k\n \n \n ∈\n \n \n R\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} _{k}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}\n is a search direction, and \n \n \n \n α\n ∈\n \n R\n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {R} }\n is the step length. |
| Conditions (album) | Conditions is the debut studio album by Australian rock band The Temper Trap, released in Australia through Liberation Music on 19 June 2009. It was later released in the United Kingdom on 10 August 2009. |
| Standard temperature and pressure | Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted standards. |
| Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions | In mathematical optimization, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, also known as the Kuhn–Tucker conditions, are first derivative tests (sometimes called first-order necessary conditions) for a solution in nonlinear programming to be optimal, provided that some regularity conditions are satisfied.\nAllowing inequality constraints, the KKT approach to nonlinear programming generalizes the method of Lagrange multipliers, which allows only equality constraints. |
| Kraft Group | The Kraft Group, LLC, is a group of privately held companies in the professional sports, manufacturing, and real estate development industries doing business in 90 countries. Founded in 1998 by American businessman Robert Kraft as a holding company for various interests he had acquired since 1968, it is based in Foxborough, Massachusetts. |
| Nine Dragons Paper Holdings Limited | Nine Dragons Paper (Holdings) Limited (SEHK: 2689) is a publicly listed paper manufacturing company in Mainland China, engaging in the manufacturing of containerboard products which include linerboard, duplex board as well as pulp. Its CEO and largest shareholder is Mrs. |
| Kruger Inc. | Kruger Inc. is a Canadian corporation which manufactures publication papers, tissue, lumber and other wood products, corrugated cartons from recycled fibres, green and renewable energy, and wines and spirits. |
| Weyerhaeuser | Weyerhaeuser Company () is an American timberland company which owns nearly 12,400,000 acres (19,400 sq mi; 50,000 km2) of timberlands in the U.S., and manages an additional 14,000,000 acres (22,000 sq mi; 57,000 km2) of timberlands under long-term licenses in Canada. The company also manufactures wood products. |
| Packaging Corporation of America | Packaging Corporation of America is an American manufacturing company based in Lake Forest, Illinois. The company has about 15,500 employees, with operations primarily in the United States. |
| Lee & Man Paper | Lee & Man Paper Manufacturing Limited (SEHK: 2314) is a Hong Kong-listed Chinese private papermaking company engaged in the manufacturing of packaging paper, such as linerboard and containerboard, and wood pulp. It has paper production plants in Guangdong, Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, as well as in the city of Chongqing and in Vietnam. |
| Cardboard | Card stock, also called cover stock and pasteboard, is paper that is thicker and more durable than normal writing and printing paper, but thinner and more flexible than other forms of paperboard.\nCard stock is often used for business cards, postcards, playing cards, catalogue covers, scrapbooking, and other applications requiring more durability than regular paper gives. |
| Operations research | Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences. |
| Bitwise operation | In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor. |
| Starbucks | Starbucks Corporation is an American multinational chain of coffeehouses and roastery reserves headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It is the world's largest coffeehouse chain. |
| Organizational performance | Organizational performance comprises the actual output or results of an organization as measured against its intended outputs (or goals and objectives).\nOrganizational performance also the success or fulfilment of organization at end of program or projects as it is intended. |
| Income statement | An income statement or profit and loss account (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, statement of earnings, operating statement, or statement of operations) is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company's revenues and expenses during a particular period.It indicates how the revenues (also known as the “top line”) are transformed into the net income or net profit (the result after all revenues and expenses have been accounted for). The purpose of the income statement is to show managers and investors whether the company made money (profit) or lost money (loss) during the period being reported. |
| Chief financial officer | The chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization that is assigned the primary responsibility for managing the company's finances, including financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financial reporting. In some sectors, the CFO is also responsible for analysis of data. |
| Reliance Industries | Reliance Industries Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company, headquartered in Mumbai. It has diverse businesses including energy, petrochemicals, natural gas, retail, telecommunications, mass media, and textiles. |
| Koch Industries | Koch Industries, Inc. () is an American privately held multinational conglomerate corporation based in Wichita, Kansas. |
| Hindalco Industries | Hindalco Industries Limited an Indian aluminium and copper manufacturing company, is a subsidiary of the Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. |
| Credit rating | A credit rating is an evaluation of the credit risk of a prospective debtor (an individual, a business, company or a government), predicting their ability to pay back the debt, and an implicit forecast of the likelihood of the debtor defaulting.\nThe credit rating represents an evaluation of a credit rating agency of the qualitative and quantitative information for the prospective debtor, including information provided by the prospective debtor and other non-public information obtained by the credit rating agency's analysts. |
| Marat Khusnullin | Marat Shakirzyanovich Khusnullin (born 9 August 1966) is a Russian Tatar politician serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Russia for Construction and Regional Development since 2020. He previously served as Deputy Mayor of Moscow from 2010 to 2020. |
| High Desert State Prison (California) | High Desert State Prison (HDSP) is a high-security state prison that houses level IV inmates located in Leavitt, Lassen County, California. Opened in 1995, it has a capacity of 2,324 persons. |
| Achatina achatina | Achatina achatina, commonly known as the giant African snail, also known as the giant tiger land snail, and gigantocochlea, is a species of large, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae. The name "Achatina" is from "achates", Greek for agate. |
| Sand eel | Sand eel or sandeel is the common name used for a considerable number of species of fish. While they are not true eels, they are eel-like in their appearance and can grow up to 30 centimetres (12 in) in length. |
| Driving | Drawing is a form of visual art in which an artist uses instruments to mark paper or other two-dimensional surface. Drawing instruments include graphite pencils, pen and ink, various kinds of paints, inked brushes, colored pencils, crayons, charcoal, chalk, pastels, erasers, markers, styluses, and metals (such as silverpoint). |
| United States Navy | The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 U.S. allies or partner nations as of 2015. |
| List of presidents of the United States | The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term by the American people through the Electoral College. The office holder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. |
| Legal liability | In law, liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies. |
| Radio regulation | Radio regulation refers to the regulation and licensing of radio in international law, by individual governments, and by municipalities.\n\n\n== International regulation ==\nThe International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. |
| Liability insurance | Liability insurance (also called third-party insurance) is a part of the general insurance system of risk financing to protect the purchaser (the "insured") from the risks of liabilities imposed by lawsuits and similar claims and protects the insured if the purchaser is sued for claims that come within the coverage of the insurance policy.\nOriginally, individual companies that faced a common peril formed a group and created a self-help fund out of which to pay compensation should any member incur loss (in other words, a mutual insurance arrangement). |
| Risk Factors |
|---|
| GREIF INC ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS Statements contained in this Form 10-K may be “forward-looking” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 |
| Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company’s operating results to differ materially from those projected |
| The following factors, among others, in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect, the Company’s actual financial performance |
| and subsidiaries |
| Our business is sensitive to changes in general economic or business conditions |
| Our customers generally consist of other manufacturers and suppliers who purchase industrial packaging products and containerboard and related corrugated products for their own containment and shipping purposes |
| Because we supply a cross section of industries, such as chemicals, food products, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals and metal products, and have operations in many countries, demand for our industrial packaging products and containerboard and related corrugated products has historically corresponded to changes in general economic and business conditions of the industries and countries in which we operate |
| Accordingly, our financial performance is substantially dependent upon the general economic conditions existing in these industries and countries, and any prolonged or substantial economic downturn could have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations or financial condition |
| Our foreign operations are subject to currency exchange and political risks that could adversely affect our results of operations |
| We have operations in over 40 countries |
| As a result of our international operations, we are subject to certain risks which could disrupt our operations or force us to incur unanticipated costs |
| Our operating performance is affected by devaluations and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates by: • translations into United States dollars for financial reporting purposes of the assets and liabilities of our international operations conducted in local currencies; and • gains or losses from international operations conducted in currencies other than the operation’s functional currency |
| We are subject to various other risks associated with operating in international countries, such as the following: • political, social and economic instability; • war, civil disturbance or acts of terrorism; • taking of property by nationalization or expropriation without fair compensation; • changes in government policies and regulations; • imposition of limitations on conversions of foreign currencies into United States dollars or remittance of dividends and other payments by international subsidiaries; • imposition or increase of withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by international subsidiaries; • hyperinflation in certain countries; and • impositions or increase of investment and other restrictions or requirements by non-United States governments |
| We operate in highly competitive industries |
| Each of our business segments operates in highly competitive industries |
| The most important competitive fac - - ______________________________________________________________________ [39]Table of Contents 5 tors we face are price, quality and service |
| To the extent that one or more of our competitors become more successful with respect to any of these key competitive factors, we could lose customers and our sales could decline |
| In addition, due to the tendency of certain customers to diversify their suppliers, we could be unable to increase or maintain sales volumes with particular customers |
| Certain of our competitors are substantially larger and have significantly greater financial resources |
| Our business is sensitive to changes in industry demands |
| Industry demand for containerboard in the United States has declined in recent years causing competitive pricing pressures in the containerboard market, which has negatively impacted our financial performance |
| We compete in industries that are capital intensive, which generally leads to continued production as long as prices are sufficient to cover marginal costs |
| As a result, changes in industry demands, including industry over-capacity, may cause substantial price competition and, in turn, negatively impact our financial performance |
| The continuing consolidation of our customer base for industrial packaging, containerboard and corrugated products may intensify pricing pressures and may negatively impact our financial performance |
| Over the last few years, many of our large industrial packaging, containerboard and corrugated products customers have acquired, or been acquired by, companies with similar or complementary product lines |
| This consolidation has increased the concentration of our largest customers, and resulted in increased pricing pressures from our customers |
| The continuing consolidation of our customer base may negatively impact our financial performance |
| Raw material and energy price fluctuations and shortages could adversely affect our ability to obtain the materials needed to manufacture our products and could adversely affect our manufacturing costs |
| The principal raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are steel, resin, pulpwood, old corrugated containers for recycling, and containerboard, which we purchase in highly competitive, price sensitive markets |
| These raw materials have historically exhibited price and demand cyclicality |
| Some of these materials have been, and in the future may be, in short supply |
| However, we have not recently experienced any significant difficulty in obtaining our principal raw materials |
| We do not have long-term supply contracts or hedging arrangements in place for obtaining our principal raw materials |
| The cost of producing our products is also sensitive to the price of energy |
| We have, from time to time, entered into short-term contracts to hedge certain of our energy costs |
| Energy prices, in particular oil and natural gas, have increased in recent years, with a corresponding effect on our production costs |
| Environmental and health and safety matters and product liability claims could negatively impact our operations and financial performance |
| We must comply with extensive rules and regulations regarding federal, state, local and international environmental matters, such as air and water quality and waste disposal |
| We must also comply with extensive rules and regulations regarding safety and health matters |
| The failure to materially comply with such rules and regulations could adversely affect our operations and financial performance |
| Furthermore, litigation or claims against us with respect to such matters could adversely affect our financial performance |
| We may also become subject to product liability claims which could adversely affect our operations and financial performance |
| Our business may be adversely impacted by work stoppages and other labor relations matters |
| We are subject to risk of work stoppages and other labor relations matters because a significant number of our employees are represented by unions |
| Any prolonged work stoppage or strike at any one of our principal manufacturing facilities could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition |
| ______________________________________________________________________ [40]Table of Contents 6 We may encounter difficulties arising from acquisitions |
| During recent years, we have invested a substantial amount of capital in acquisitions |
| Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the failure to retain key customers, employees and contracts, and the inability to integrate businesses without material disruption |
| In addition, other companies in our industries have similar acquisition strategies |
| There can be no assurance that any future acquisitions will be successfully integrated into our operations, that competition for acquisitions will not intensify or that we will be able to complete such acquisitions on acceptable terms and conditions |
| In addition, the costs of unsuccessful acquisition efforts may adversely affect our financial performance |
| We may be subject to losses that might not be covered in whole or in part by existing insurance reserves or insurance coverage |
| These uninsured losses could adversely affect our financial performance |
| We are self-insured for certain of the claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs and for certain of our workers’ compensation claims |
| We establish reserves for estimated costs related to pending claims, administrative fees and claims incurred but not reported |
| Because establishing reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates, currently established reserves may not be adequate to cover the actual liability for claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs and for certain of our workers’ compensation claims |
| If we conclude that our estimates are incorrect and our reserves are inadequate for these claims, we will need to increase our reserves, which could adversely affect our financial performance |
| We carry comprehensive liability, fire and extended coverage insurance on most of our facilities, with policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties |
| However, there are certain types of losses, such as losses resulting from wars, acts of terrorism, or natural disasters, that generally are not insured because they are either uninsurable or not economically insurable |
| Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose capital invested in that property, as well as the anticipated future revenues derived from the manufacturing activities conducted at that property, while remaining obligated for any mortgage indebtedness or other financial obligations related to the property |
| Any such loss would adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations |
| Insurance policies covering product liability generally being offered by insurance carriers are becoming more restrictive in terms of self-insured retentions, available policy limits, coverage exclusions and other terms |
| There can be no assurance that a successful product or professional liability claim would be adequately covered by our applicable insurance policies or by any applicable contractual indemnity |
| The frequency and volume of our timber and timberland sales will impact our financial performance |
| We have a significant inventory of standing timber and timberland |
| The frequency and volume of sales of timber and timberland will have an effect on our financial performance |