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Wiki Wiki Summary
Manufactured risk Manufactured risks are risks that are produced by the modernization process, particularly by innovative developments in science and technology. They create risk environments that have little historical reference, and are therefore largely unpredictable.
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special operations Special operations (S.O.) are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism actions, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly-trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as "special forces".
Manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy.
Manufactured housing Manufactured housing (commonly known as mobile homes in the United States) is a type of prefabricated housing that is largely assembled in factories and then transported to sites of use. The definition of the term in the United States is regulated by federal law (Code of Federal Regulations, 24 CFR 3280): "Manufactured homes are built as dwelling units of at least 320 square feet (30 m2) in size with a permanent chassis to assure the initial and continued transportability of the home." The requirement to have a wheeled chassis permanently attached differentiates "manufactured housing" from other types of prefabricated homes, such as modular homes.
Manufactured Housing Institute The Manufactured Housing Institute (MHI) is a U.S. trade organization representing companies and organizations that are involved in the production, sale and financing of manufactured housing, prefabricated home and modular home units.\nThe MHI hosts trade conferences, coordinates lobbying before the United States Congress and state legislatures on issues relating to manufactured housing, compiles and publishes data relating to industry sales and provides marketing and public relations support to raise the awareness of manufactured housing.The organization was created in 1975 and is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia.
UFP Industries UFP Industries, Inc., was founded in Michigan in 1955 as a supplier of lumber to the manufactured housing industry. Today UFP Industries is a multibillion-dollar holding company with subsidiaries around the globe that serve three markets: retail, industrial and construction.
Prefabricated home Prefabricated homes, often referred to as prefab homes or simply prefabs, are specialist dwelling types of prefabricated building, which are manufactured off-site in advance, usually in standard sections that can be easily shipped and assembled. Some current prefab home designs include architectural details inspired by postmodernism or futurist architecture.
Toter A toter, or toter truck, is a tractor unit specifically designed for the modular and manufactured housing industries. \n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nThe toter is often confused or mistaken for a semi-trailer tractor.
Mobile home A mobile home (also known as a house trailer, park home, trailer, or trailer home) is a prefabricated structure, built in a factory on a permanently attached chassis before being transported to site (either by being towed or on a trailer). Used as permanent homes, or for holiday or temporary accommodation, they are often left permanently or semi-permanently in one place, but can be moved, and may be required to move from time to time for legal reasons.
Clayton Homes Clayton Homes (or Clayton) is the largest builder of manufactured housing and modular homes in the United States. It is owned by Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway.Clayton Homes' corporate headquarters are in Maryville, Tennessee.
Modular building A modular building is a prefabricated building that consists of repeated sections called modules. Modularity involves constructing sections away from the building site, then delivering them to the intended site.
Home Time is the continued sequence of existence and events that occurs in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequence events, to compare the duration of events or the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change of quantities in material reality or in the conscious experience.
Manufacturing Consent Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. It argues that the mass communication media of the U.S. "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", by means of the propaganda model of communication.
Trailer park A trailer park or caravan park is a temporary or permanent area for mobile homes and travel trailers. Advantages include low cost compared to other housing, and quick and easy moving to a new area (for example, when taking a job in a distant place while keeping the same home).
Recreational vehicle A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer which includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, coaches, caravans (also known as travel trailers and camper trailers), fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers, and truck campers.
Availability In reliability engineering, the term availability has the following meanings:\n\nThe degree to which a system, subsystem or equipment is in a specified operable and committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at an unknown, i.e. a random, time.
Not Available Not Available is the second studio album (released as the fourth) by the Residents, recorded in 1974. The album was allegedly meant to only be released once its creators completely forgot about its existence (adhering to their "Theory of Obscurity," in which an artist's purest work is created without an audience) - however, due to ongoing delays in the release of Eskimo, Not Available was released to supply the demand for new Residents material, given their unexpected critical and commercial success following the release of the Duck Stab EP.\n\n\n== History ==\nIt is said that the lyrics and themes of Not Available arose from personal tensions within the group, and that the project began as a private psychodrama before being adapted into a possible operetta.
Availability heuristic The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method or decision. The availability heuristic operates on the notion that if something can be recalled, it must be important, or at least more important than alternative solutions which are not as readily recalled.
Availability factor The availability factor of a power plant is the amount of time that it is able to produce electricity over a certain period, divided by the amount of the time in the period. Occasions where only partial capacity is available may or may not be deducted.
Route availability Route Availability (RA) is the system by which the permanent way and supporting works (bridges, embankments, etc.) of the railway network of Great Britain are graded. All routes are allocated an RA number between 1 and 10.
Continuous availability Continuous availability is an approach to computer system and application design that protects users against downtime, whatever the cause and ensures that users remain connected to their documents, data files and business applications. Continuous availability describes the information technology methods to ensure business continuity.In early days of computing, availability was not considered business critical.
High-availability cluster High-availability clusters (also known as HA clusters, fail-over clusters) are groups of computers that support server applications that can be reliably utilized with a minimum amount of down-time. They operate by using high availability software to harness redundant computers in groups or clusters that provide continued service when system components fail.
Availability cascade An availability cascade is a self-reinforcing cycle that explains the development of certain kinds of collective beliefs. A novel idea or insight, usually one that seems to explain a complex process in a simple or straightforward manner, gains rapid currency in the popular discourse by its very simplicity and by its apparent insightfulness.
Manufactured controversy A manufactured controversy (sometimes shortened to manufactroversy) is a contrived disagreement, typically motivated by profit or ideology, designed to create public confusion concerning an issue about which there is no substantial academic dispute. This concept has also been referred to as manufactured uncertainty.
Manufactured Landscapes Manufactured Landscapes is a 2006 feature-length documentary film about the industrial landscape photography of Edward Burtynsky. It was directed by Jennifer Baichwal and is distributed by Zeitgeist Films.
Engineered wood Engineered wood, also called mass timber, composite wood, man-made wood, or manufactured board, includes a range of derivative wood products which are manufactured by binding or fixing the strands, particles, fibres, or veneers or boards of wood, together with adhesives, or other methods of fixation to form composite material. The panels vary in size but can range upwards of 64 by 8 feet (19.5 by 2.4 m) and in the case of cross-laminated timber (CLT) can be of any thickness from a few inches to 16 inches (410 mm) or more.
Final good A final good or consumer good is a final product ready for sale that is used by the consumer to satisfy current wants or needs, unlike intermediate goods which is utilized to produce other goods. A microwave oven or a bicycle is a final good, whereas the parts purchased to manufacture it are intermediate goods.
Tornadoes of 2022 This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2012. Extremely destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, Brazil and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions.
Show house A show house, also called a model home or display home, is a term for a "display" version of manufactured homes, or houses in a subdivision. They are used on newly built developments to show the living space and features of homes available.
Risk Factors
FLEETWOOD ENTERPRISES INC/DE/ Item 1A Risk Factors Investors or potential investors in Fleetwood should carefully consider the risks described below
Additional risks of which we are presently unaware or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations and hinder our financial performance
We have had significant losses in the last six fiscal years and it is possible that we may not be able to regain profitability in the foreseeable future
This could cause us to limit future capital expenditures and also increase the difficulty of implementing our business and finance strategies or meeting our obligations when due
Continued losses may reduce our liquidity and may cause us to reduce our expenditures on capital improvements, machinery and equipment, and research and development
This could have a negative effect on our ability to maintain production schedules, manufacture products of high quality, and develop and manufacture new products that will achieve market acceptance
If we continue to suffer losses, we could be unable to implement our business and financial strategies or meet our obligations when due
Our losses in recent fiscal years were caused mostly by the following conditions: · reduced demand in the manufactured housing and, during certain periods, recreational vehicle industries; · low utilization of capacity, particularly in our manufactured housing and towable plants; · certain wholesale and retail lenders abandoning the manufactured housing market; · restrictive lending standards in the manufactured housing market by the remaining retail lenders; · relatively high interest rates for manufactured homes as opposed to site-built homes; · competition with resellers of repossessed manufactured homes; · variable economic conditions, stock market declines, and diminished consumer confidence; · caution in potential motor home buyers, particularly first-time buyers, caused by high and volatile fuel prices; · untimely entry into the manfactured housing retail business in the late 1990s; · excess retail inventories in manufactured housing in the early part of the decade; · overproduction of RVs during fiscal 2005, leading to excess finished goods inventories and increased retail inventories in our distribution network; · unforeseen manufacturing complexities resulting from the introduction of new products, primarily in the travel trailer segment; and · lack of market acceptance of certain new products
We cannot provide assurance that the conditions that have resulted in our substantial losses since fiscal year 2001 will not continue in fiscal 2007 and beyond
In addition to the foregoing conditions, actions we took in response to the circumstances that contributed significantly to the losses included: · downsizing initiatives within all our businesses, including asset impairment charges, the writedown of idle manufacturing facilities, employee severance payments and plant closing costs; and · impairment and other charges in fiscal 2005 and 2006 related reorganization and to the retail and financial services businesses, which were sold during fiscal 2006 and are presented as discontinued operations in the financial statements
14 ______________________________________________________________________ We may be unable to comply in the future with financial covenants contained in our senior secured credit facility, which could result in a default under our debt obligations, and our lenders could accelerate our debt or take other actions which could restrict our ability to operate
In May 2004, we announced the early renewal and extension of our secured credit facility with Bank of America
If our liquidity and our operating results deteriorate significantly due to business or economic conditions, we may breach covenants under the amended and restated facility, resulting in a default
We were required to amend the facility in March 2005 and reset a financial covenant in order to avoid a covenant breach
Under the senior secured facility agreement, as amended, we are not subject to a financial performance covenant except in the event that our average monthly liquidity, defined as cash, cash equivalents and unused borrowing capacity, falls below dlra90 million on a consolidated basis or dlra60 million within the borrowing subsidiaries
Under these circumstances, we are required to meet a designated cumulative EBITDA requirement
A breach of the covenant could result in a default under this facility, as well as a cross-default in our 5prca convertible senior subordinated debentures and our capital lease obligations
In the event of a future default under our debt obligations, we cannot be certain that our lenders will agree to forebear from enforcing any remedies otherwise available to them or that they will grant us any further waivers or amend our covenants
Our credit facility ranks senior to the convertible senior subordinated debentures and the 6prca convertible subordinated debentures
Our credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets, excluding the cash value of our Company-owned life insurance and certain fixed assets, including some of our real property
Upon the occurrence of an event of default, our lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the facility, together with accrued interest, to be immediately due and payable
A default under our senior secured facility could also cause a default under our 5prca convertible senior subordinated debentures
If we were unable to repay all outstanding balances, the lenders could proceed against our assets, and any proceeds realized upon the sale of assets would be used first to satisfy all amounts outstanding under our senior debt and, thereafter, any of our other liabilities, including liabilities relating to our convertible securities
Lender actions in the event of default might: · restrict our investment in working capital and capital expenditures; · limit our ability to react to changes in market conditions due to a lack of resources to develop new products; · hamper the marketing of our products due to a lack of funds to support advertising expenditures; · increase our risk of not surviving an extended downturn in our businesses compared to other competitors whose capital structures are less highly leveraged; · restrict our ability to merge, acquire or sell properties; and · cause us to seek protection from our creditors through bankruptcy proceedings or otherwise
We may not be able to obtain corporate financing in the future, and the terms of any future financings may limit our ability to manage our business
Difficulties in obtaining financing on favorable terms would have a negative effect on our ability to execute our business strategy
In addition to capital available under the senior secured credit facility, we anticipate that we may be required to seek additional capital in the future, including financing necessary to refinance or replace existing long-term debt or to fund capital expenditures
There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain future financings, if needed, on acceptable terms, if at all
15 ______________________________________________________________________ On July 20, 2005, Standard & Poor’s announced that it had lowered the Company’s corporate credit rating from BB- to B+, with a negative outlook
At the same time, it lowered its rating on the Company’s convertible senior subordinated debentures from B to B-
Standard & Poor’s rating for the outstanding issue of convertible trust preferred securities remains D despite the payment on February 15, 2006, of the accrued distributions on that security that had been previously deferred, as permitted by its terms
In lowering the ratings, Standard & Poor’s cited the Company’s losses from continuing operations in fiscal 2005, but also noted that the expected sale of the assets of Fleetwood’s retail business will eliminate the operating losses from that operation while creating some additional near-term liquidity
Standard & Poor’s said the move should also enable the newly configured management team to channel resources into quickly stemming the losses within the Company’s historically strong RV Group, although it indicated that the ratings remain highly vulnerable to further downgrade should these efforts prove more time consuming or costly than expected
If we are unable to obtain alternative or additional financing arrangements in the future, or if we cannot obtain financing on acceptable terms, we may not be able to execute our business strategies
Moreover, the terms of any such additional financing may restrict our financial flexibility, including the debt we may incur in the future, or may restrict our ability to manage our business as we had intended
The market price of our common stock has been volatile, and may decline again in the future
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in recent years and generally declined, from a closing price of dlra45dtta04 per share on March 6, 1998, to a low of dlra2dtta57 per share on August 9, 2002
The market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate as a result of a number of factors
Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include: · actual and anticipated variations in our operating results; · general economic and financial market conditions; · actual and anticipated volatility in the price and availability of fuel; · interest rates; · general conditions, including changes in demand and inventory levels, in the manufactured housing and recreational vehicle industries; · future issuances of our common stock, including issuances of common stock in connection with financing activities, conversion of the convertible trust preferred securities or the existing convertible senior subordinated debentures, or upon exercise of stock options, any of which could have a dilutive effect on our earnings per share and otherwise cause the market price of our common stock to decline; · perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the manufactured housing and recreational vehicle industries; · our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt when due; · developments in our relationships with our lenders, customers, and/or suppliers; · announcements of alliances, mergers or other relationships by or among our competitors and/or our suppliers and customers; · announcements and introduction of new products and models by us or our competitors and the success or failure of these new products and models; · developments related to regulations, including zoning regulations; 16 ______________________________________________________________________ · further downgrades of our corporate credit ratings of our senior implied debt or of specific securities; and · changes in senior management
In addition, the stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have affected the stock prices of companies in the manufactured housing and recreational vehicle industries and that may be unrelated to the operating performance of the companies within these industries
These broad market fluctuations may also adversely affect the market price of our common stock
Ongoing weakness in the manufactured housing market and more recent weakness in the motor home market
The manufactured housing industry has been in a prolonged slump that was initiated by undisciplined lending practices in the late 1990s
Although in recent years the industry has stabilized as default rates have fallen and inventories of repossessed homes have returned to more acceptable levels, there can be no assurance that the demand for manufactured housing will recover to what historically was considered more normal levels
More recently the motor home market has weakened in concert with lower consumer confidence, volatile fuel prices and rising interest rates
Ongoing weakness could limit growth opportunities and have a negative effect on future sales and profitability
Global tensions and fuel shortages, higher prices for fuel or rising interest rates could have a negative impact on consumer confidence and could have a resulting negative effect on sales of recreational vehicles
Gasoline or diesel fuel is required for the operation of motor homes and vehicles used to tow travel trailers and folding trailers
Particularly in view of increased international tensions and increased global demand for oil, there can be no assurance that the supply of these petroleum products will continue uninterrupted, that rationing will not be imposed, or that the price of or tax on these petroleum products will not significantly increase in the future
Increases in gasoline prices and speculation about potential fuel shortages, combined with rising interest rates, have had an unfavorable effect on consumer confidence in the past, including the recent past
As a result, these forces have caused a decline in demand for recreational vehicles from time to time, which then had a material adverse effect on our sales volume
Increases in the price of oil also can result in significant increases in the price of many of the components in our products, which may have a negative impact on margins or sales volumes
Availability and cost of financing for our retailers or retail customers, particularly in our manufactured housing business, could continue to affect our sales volume
Our dealers, as well as retail buyers of our products, generally secure financing from third party lenders, which, in the case of manufactured housing, have been negatively affected by adverse loan experience
For example, Conseco, Associates, Chase and GreenPoint, which had been very important lenders for customers of our dealers in the 1990s, have withdrawn from the manufactured housing finance business
Reduced availability of such financing and higher interest rates have had, and continue to have, an adverse effect on the manufactured housing business and our housing sales
If third party financing were to become unavailable or were to be further restricted, this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Availability of financing is dependent on the lending practices of financial institutions, financial markets, governmental policies and economic conditions, all of which are largely beyond our control
For example, floorplan lenders have tightened credit availability, Conseco and Deutsche have exited that business in the manufactured housing industry and Transamerica and Bombardier’s manufactured housing wholesale finance businesses have been acquired by General Electric Corp
In addition, quasi-governmental agencies such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are important purchasers of loans from financial institutions, have tightened standards relating to the manufactured housing loans that they will buy
Most states classify manufactured homes as personal 17 ______________________________________________________________________ property rather than real property for purposes of taxation and lien perfection
Interest rates for manufactured homes are generally higher and the terms of the loans shorter than for site-built homes
In the current environment, financing for the purchase of manufactured homes is often more difficult to obtain than conventional home mortgages
There can be no assurance that affordable wholesale or retail financing for either manufactured homes or recreational vehicles will be available on a widespread basis in the future
In accordance with customary practice in the manufactured housing and recreational vehicle industries, we enter into repurchase agreements with various financial institutions pursuant to which we agree, in the event of a default by an independent retailer in its obligation to these credit sources, to repurchase product at declining prices over the term of the agreements, typically 12, 18 or 24 months
The difference between the gross repurchase price and the price at which the repurchased product can then be resold, which is typically at a discount to the original sale price, represents a financial expense to us
Thus, if we were obligated to repurchase a large number of manufactured homes or recreational vehicles in the future, this would increase our costs, which could have a negative effect on our earnings
Tightened credit standards by lenders and more aggressive attempts to accelerate collection of outstanding accounts with dealers could result in defaults by dealers and consequent repurchase obligations on our part that may be higher than has historically been the case
During fiscal 2006, we repurchased 35 manufactured homes and 31 recreational vehicles at an aggregate gross purchase price of dlra2dtta1 million, incurring a loss upon resale of approximately dlra428cmam000, compared to repurchases during fiscal 2005 of 85 manufactured homes and 89 recreational vehicles at an aggregate purchase price of dlra6dtta3 million, and a loss upon resale of approximately dlra1dtta2 million
Our businesses are both cyclical and seasonal and this can lead to fluctuations in our operating results
The industries in which we operate are highly cyclical, as well as seasonal, and there can be substantial fluctuations in our manufacturing shipments, retail sales and operating results, and the results for any prior period may not be indicative of results for any future period
Companies within both the manufactured housing and recreational vehicle industries are subject to volatility in operating results due to external factors such as economic, demographic and political changes
Factors affecting the manufactured housing industry include: · interest rates and the availability of financing for manufactured homes; · apartment vacancies and rents; · interest rates and terms of financing for site-built homes; · defaults by retail customers resulting in repossessions; · general economic conditions; · inventory levels; · availability of manufactured home sites; · commodity availability and prices; · unemployment trends; · international tensions and hostilities; and · consumer confidence
Factors affecting the recreational vehicle industry include: · overall consumer confidence and the level of discretionary consumer spending; 18 ______________________________________________________________________ · fuel availability and prices; · general economic conditions; · interest rates; · international tensions and hostilities; · inventory levels; · unemployment trends; and · commodity availability and prices
We cannot provide assurance that the factors that are currently adversely affecting our business will not continue to have an adverse effect in the future
We have also experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant variability in sales, production and net income as a result of seasonality in our businesses
Demand for manufactured housing and, particularly, recreational vehicles, generally declines during the winter season, while sales and profits in both industries are generally highest during the spring and summer months
In addition, unusually severe weather conditions in some markets may delay the timing of purchases and shipments from one quarter to another
If there is a rise in the frequency and size of product liability and other claims against us, including wrongful death, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed
We are frequently subject, in the ordinary course of business, to litigation involving products liability and other claims, including wrongful death, against us related to personal injury and warranties
We partially self-insure our products liability claims and purchase excess products liability insurance in the commercial insurance market
We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover all future claims against us
Any increase in the frequency and size of these claims, as compared to our experience in prior years, may cause the premiums that we are required to pay for insurance to rise significantly
It may also increase the amounts we pay in punitive damages, which may not be covered by our insurance
We are also presently party to actions in litigation that the plaintiffs are seeking to have certified as class actions
If any of these actions is decided in a manner adverse to us, the resulting liability may be significant
These factors may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition
In addition, if these claims rise to a level of frequency or size that is significantly higher than similar claims made against our competitors, our reputation and business will be harmed
When we introduce new products we may incur expenses that we did not anticipate, such as recall expenses, resulting in reduced earnings
The introduction of new models is critical to our future success, particularly in our recreational vehicle business
We have additional costs when we introduce new models, such as initial labor or purchasing inefficiencies, but we may also incur unexpected expenses
For example, we may experience unexpected engineering or design flaws that will force a recall of a new product
In addition, we may make business decisions that include offering incentives to stimulate the sales of products not adequately accepted by the market, or to stimulate sales of older or obsolete models
The costs resulting from these types of problems could be substantial and have a significant adverse effect on our earnings
Excess inventories of our products among retailers and housing repossessions may have a negative effect on our sales volume and profit margins
The level of manufactured housing and recreational vehicle retail inventories and the existence of repossessed homes in the market can have a significant impact on manufacturing shipments and operating results, as evidenced in the manufactured housing industry during the past five years
The continuing 19 ______________________________________________________________________ deterioration in the availability of retail financing and competition from repossessed homes has extended the inventory adjustment period beyond what was originally expected
More liberal lending standards in the past resulted in loans to less-creditworthy customers, many of whom have defaulted on these loans
Lenders have repossessed the customers’ homes and resold them at prices significantly below the retail price of a new home, thereby increasing competition for manufacturers of new homes
This situation was exacerbated by the bankruptcy filings of Oakwood Homes and Conseco in 2003, which led both companies to sell large numbers of repossessed homes for cash at distressed prices at auctions or at wholesale, rather than to attempt to refinance the defaulted loans
These circumstances led to an increase in recent years in the number of available repossessed homes and to a further deterioration in the price of these homes
These factors appear to have stabilized; however, if they were to deteriorate once more, or if retail demand were to significantly weaken, the resulting inventory overhang could result in price competition and further pressure on profit margins within the industry and could have an adverse impact on our operating results
We may not be able to obtain financing in the future, and the terms of any future financings may limit our ability to manage our business
Difficulties in obtaining financing on favorable terms would have a negative effect on our ability to execute our business strategy
The recreational vehicle and manufactured housing industries are highly competitive and some of our competitors have stronger balance sheets and cash flows, as well as greater access to capital, than we do
The relative strength of our competitors could result in decreased sales volume and earnings for us, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition
The manufactured housing industry is highly competitive
As of December 31, 2005, there were approximately 67 manufacturers of homes and fewer than 5cmam000 active retailers
Based on retail sales, the 10 largest manufacturers accounted for approximately 78 percent of the retail manufactured housing market in calendar 2005, including our sales, which represented 18dtta7 percent of the market
Competition with other housing manufacturers is based primarily on price, product features, reputation for service and quality, retail inventory, merchandising, and the terms and availability of wholesale and retail customer financing
Growth in manufacturing capacity during the 1990s increased competition at both the manufacturing and retail levels and resulted in both regional and national competitors increasing their presence in the markets in which we compete
Though manufacturing capacity has been curtailed since the late 1990s, overproduction of manufactured housing in these regions could lead to greater competition and result in decreased margins, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
In addition, manufactured homes compete with new and existing site-built homes, apartments, townhouses and condominiums
The supply of such housing has increased in recent years with the still ample availability of construction financing and relatively attractive mortgage financing, reducing the demand for manufactured homes
Manufactured homes also compete with resales of homes that have been repossessed by financial institutions as a result of credit defaults by dealers or customers
Repossession rates for manufactured homes hit historic highs several years ago and although they have declined more recently, there can be no assurance that repossession rates will not rise again, thereby adversely affecting our sales volume and profit margins
The manufactured housing industry, as well as the site-built housing development industry, has experienced consolidation in recent years, which could result in the emergence of competitors, including developers of site-built homes that are larger than we are and have greater financial resources than we have
For example, the large conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway has acquired two of our major competitors, Clayton Homes and Oakwood Homes
This combination could ultimately strengthen competition in the industry and adversely affect our business
20 ______________________________________________________________________ The recreational vehicle market is also highly competitive and it too has experienced some industry consolidation
Sales from the five largest manufacturers represented approximately 66 percent of the retail market in calendar 2005, including our sales, which represented 12dtta5 percent of the market
Competitive pressures, especially in the entry-level segment of the market for travel trailers, have resulted in a reduction of profit margins
Sustained increases in competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
There can be no assurance that existing or new competitors will not develop products that are superior to our recreational vehicles or that achieve better consumer acceptance, thereby adversely affecting our sales volume and profit margins
Changes in consumer preferences for our products or our failure to gauge those preferences could lead to reduced sales and additional costs
We believe that historical consumer preferences for our products in general, and recreational vehicles in particular, are likely to change over time
We further believe that the introduction of new features, designs and models will be critical to the future success of our recreational vehicle operations
Delays in the introduction of new models or product features, or a lack of market acceptance of new features, designs or models, could have a material adverse effect on our business
For example, we may incur significant additional costs in designing or redesigning models that are not accepted in the marketplace
Products may not be accepted for a number of reasons, including changes in consumer preferences or our failure to properly gauge consumer preferences
We may also experience production difficulties, such as inefficiencies in purchasing and increased labor costs, as we introduce new models
We cannot be certain that new product introductions will not infringe on revenues from existing models and adversely affect our results of operations
There can be no assurance that any of these new models or products will be introduced to the market on time or that they will be successful when introduced
We established a network of Company-owned retail stores that required significant restructuring and downsizing, but our efforts did not succeed in making it profitable
Our sale of the business in fiscal 2006 resulted in significant losses and restructuring charges, and fewer retail outlets
We have not yet fully replaced the distribution network
We responded to the retail consolidation in the manufactured housing sector, beginning in fiscal 1998, by forming our own retail business and establishing a network of Company-owned stores to replace distribution points lost to competitors
We made numerous acquisitions between June 1998 and August 2001
We also originated more than 100 locations
The combination of the two strategies carried us to a high of 244 stores in November 2000
Since its inception, this business segment operated at a loss, and as the retail market for manufactured housing slowed, the losses grew
Although we had reduced the number of stores that we operated to 135 at the time we sold a substantial part of the business, the stores still purchased 16 percent of our wholesale output
While 85 of these stores are still in operation as independent Fleetwood outlets, we have experienced a loss in sales
Despite our efforts to replace or augment certain of these distribution points, there is no assurance that we can successfully do so
The market for our manufactured homes is heavily concentrated in the southern part of the United States, and a continued decline in demand in that area could have a material negative effect on sales
The market for our manufactured homes is geographically concentrated, with the top 15 states accounting for over 65 percent of the industry’s total retail sales in calendar 2005
The southern and south central United States accounts for a significant portion of our manufactured housing sales
A downturn in economic conditions in these regions that is worse than that of other regions could have a disproportionately material adverse effect on our results of operations
We have experienced a decline in the demand for manufactured homes in recent years in the southern and south central United States, and there can be no assurance that the demand for manufactured homes will not continue to decline in those 21 ______________________________________________________________________ regions or other areas in which we experience high product sales and any such decline could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Increased costs, including costs of component parts and labor, potentially impacted by changes in labor rates and practices, could reduce our operating income
Our results of operations may be significantly affected by the availability and pricing of manufacturing components and labor, as well as changes in labor practices
Although we attempt to mitigate the effect of any cost escalation in components and labor costs by negotiating with current or new suppliers and by increasing productivity or, where necessary, by increasing the sales prices of our products, we cannot be certain that we will be able to do so without it having an adverse impact on the competitiveness of our products and, therefore, our sales volume
Changes in labor rates and practices, including changes resulting from union activity, could significantly affect our costs and thereby reduce our operating income
If we cannot successfully offset increases in our manufacturing costs, this could have a material adverse impact on our margins, operating income and cash flows
Even if we were able to offset higher manufacturing costs by increasing the sales prices of our products, the realization of any such increases often lags behind the rise in manufacturing costs, especially in our manufactured housing operations, due in part to our commitment to give our retailers price protection with respect to previously placed customer orders
We depend on a small group of suppliers for some of our components, and the loss of any of these suppliers could affect our ability to obtain components at competitive prices, which would decrease our sales or margins
Most recreational vehicle and manufactured home commodity components are readily available from a variety of sources
However, a few proprietary or specialty components are produced by a small group of quality suppliers that have the capacity to support our requirements on a national basis
Primarily, this situation occurs in the case of motor home chassis, where Spartan and Freightliner supply diesel-powered chassis, and Workhorse Custom Chassis and Ford Motor Company are the dominant suppliers of Class A gas chassis, and Ford Motor Company is the dominant supplier of Class C chassis
Shortages, production delays or work stoppages by the employees of such suppliers could have a material adverse effect on our sales
If we cannot obtain an adequate chassis supply, this could result in a decrease in our sales and earnings
Changes in zoning regulations could affect the number of sites available for our manufactured homes, and zoning regulations could affect the market for our new products, both of which could affect our sales
Any limitation on the growth of the number of sites available for manufactured homes, or on the operation of manufactured housing communities, could adversely affect our sales
In addition, new product opportunities that we may wish to pursue for our manufactured housing business could cause us to encounter new zoning regulations and affect the potential market for these new products
Manufactured housing communities and individual home placements are subject to local zoning ordinances and other local regulations relating to utility service and construction of roadways
In the past, there has been resistance by property owners to the adoption of zoning ordinances permitting the location of manufactured homes in residential areas, and we believe that this resistance has adversely affected the growth of the industry
The inability of the manufactured home industry to effect change in these zoning ordinances could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and we cannot be certain that manufactured homes will receive more widespread acceptance or that additional localities will adopt zoning ordinances permitting the location of manufactured homes
Amendments of the regulations governing our businesses could have a material impact on our operations
Both our recreational vehicle and manufactured housing businesses are subject to extensive Federal and state regulations, including construction and safety standards for manufactured homes and safety and 22 ______________________________________________________________________ consumer protection laws relating to recreational vehicles
Amendments to any of these regulations and the implementation of new regulations could significantly increase the costs of manufacturing, purchasing, operating or selling our products and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines, potential civil and criminal liability, suspension of sales or production, or cessation of operations
In addition, a major product recall could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Certain US tax laws currently afford favorable tax treatment for the purchase and sale of recreational vehicles that are used as the equivalent of second homes
These laws and regulations have historically been amended frequently, and it is likely that further amendments and additional regulations will be applicable to us and our products in the future
Amendments to these and other tax laws and regulations and the implementation of new regulations, including, for instance, changes that affect our ability to utilize our net operating losses, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Our operations are subject to a variety of Federal and state environmental regulations relating to noise pollution and the use, generation, storage, treatment, emission and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes
Although we believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable environmental regulations, our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines, potential civil and criminal liability, suspension of production or operations, alterations to the manufacturing process, costly cleanup or capital expenditures
Failure to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could have an adverse effect on our business and stock price
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires us to evaluate annually the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our annual report
Section 404 also requires our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, and report on, management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting
If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we cannot assure you that we will be able to conclude in the future that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404
We do not currently pay dividends on our common stock, and under the terms of the documents governing the Convertible Trust Preferred Securities, we have the right to defer payment of distributions on those securities
On October 31, 2001, we announced that we would discontinue the payment of dividends on our common stock after the previously declared dividend payment on November 14, 2001
On October 31, 2001, we also elected to defer distributions due to be made on November 15, 2001, on the 6prca convertible trust preferred securities and we had subsequently elected to defer all succeeding quarterly distributions through November 15, 2005
We recommenced dividend payments on the trust preferred securities on February 16, 2006, but under the terms of these securities, we have the option to again defer payment of the distributions for a period of up to 20 consecutive quarters
The deferral of distributions on the 6prca convertible trust preferred securities would prevent us from declaring or paying any dividends on our common stock during the period of such deferrals
Although distributions on our 6prca convertible trust preferred securities have resumed, any future resumption of payment of dividends on our common stock would be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and is not currently contemplated