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| Wiki | Wiki Summary |
|---|---|
| Economic geography | Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics. |
| List of presidents of the United States | The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term by the American people through the Electoral College. The office holder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. |
| Growth factor | A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation. Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. |
| Structured product | A structured product, also known as a market-linked investment, is a pre-packaged structured finance investment strategy based on a single security, a basket of securities, options, indices, commodities, debt issuance or foreign currencies, and to a lesser extent, derivatives.\nStructured products are not homogeneous — there are numerous varieties of derivatives and underlying assets — but they can be classified under the aside categories. |
| Sales | Wales (Welsh: Cymru [ˈkəm.rɨ] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Severn Estuary to the south-east, the Bristol Channel to the south, the Celtic sea to the south-west and the Irish Sea to the west and north. |
| Strict liability | In criminal and civil law, strict liability is a standard of liability under which a person is legally responsible for the consequences flowing from an activity even in the absence of fault or criminal intent on the part of the defendant.\nUnder the strict liability law, if the defendant possesses anything that is inherently dangerous, as specified under the "ultrahazardous" definition, the defendant is then strictly liable for any damages caused by such possession, no matter how careful the defendant is safeguarding them.In the field of torts, prominent examples of strict liability may include product liability, abnormally dangerous activities (e.g., blasting), intrusion onto another's land by livestock, and ownership of wild animals.Other than activities specified above (like ownership of wild animals, etc), US courts also consider the following activities as "ultrahazardous":\nstoring flammable liquids in quantity in an urban area\npile driving\nblasting\ncrop dusting\nfumigation with cyanide gas\nemission of noxious fumes by a manufacturing plant located in a settled area\nlocating oil wells or refineries in populated communities\ntest firing solid-fuel rocket motors.On the other hand, US courts rule the following activities as not "ultrahazardous": parachuting, drunk driving, maintaining power lines, and letting water escape from an irrigation ditch.Traditional criminal offenses that require no element of intent (mens rea) include statutory rape and felony murder. |
| Umbrella insurance | Umbrella insurance refers to liability insurance that is in excess of specified other policies and also potentially primary insurance for losses not covered by the other policies.\nWhen an insured person is liable to someone, the insured's primary insurance policies pay up to their limits, and any additional amount is paid by the umbrella policy (up to the limit of the umbrella policy). |
| Privately held company | A privately held company or private company is a company which does not offer or trade its company stock (shares) to the general public on the stock market exchanges, but rather the company's stock is offered, owned and traded or exchanged privately or over-the-counter. In the case of a close corporation, there are a relatively small number of shareholders or company members. |
| List of railroads eligible to participate in the formation of Amtrak | On May 1, 1971, there were 26 railroads in the United States that were eligible to participate in the formation of Amtrak. Twenty chose to join Amtrak in 1971, and one more eventually joined in 1979. |
| Research and development | Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in Europe as research and technological development (RTD), is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products, and improving existing ones. Research and development constitutes the first stage of development of a potential new service or the production process. |
| The Home Depot Pro | The Home Depot Pro, headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, is one of the largest wholesale distributors and direct marketers of maintenance, repair and operations (MRO) products for non-industrial businesses in the United States. The Home Depot Pro distributes a broad range of products such as HVAC, janitorial supplies, plumbing supplies, and security supplies. |
| Georgia Dome | The Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in the Southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta between downtown to the east and Vine City to the west, it was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. |
| Murder of Cooper Harris | Cooper Harris was a 22-month-old toddler who died of heat stroke on June 18, 2014, in Vinings, Georgia, a suburb of Atlanta, after being left strapped in the rear-facing car seat of his father's SUV for approximately seven hours. Though he has maintained that the death was a tragic accident, Cooper's father Justin Ross Harris was arrested and charged with his son's murder. |
| 2011 Joplin tornado | A devastating EF5-rated multiple-vortex tornado struck Joplin, Missouri on the evening of Sunday, May 22, 2011. Part of a larger late-May tornado outbreak, the tornado reached a maximum width of nearly one mile (1.6 km) during its path through the southern part of the city. |
| Subsidiary | A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that belong to the same parent company are called sister companies. |
| Bank regulation | Bank regulation is a form of government regulation which subjects banks to certain requirements, restrictions and guidelines, designed to create market transparency between banking institutions and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business, among other things. As regulation focusing on key factors in the financial markets, it forms one of the three components of financial law, the other two being case law and self-regulating market practices.Given the interconnectedness of the banking industry and the reliance that the national (and global) economy hold on banks, it is important for regulatory agencies to maintain control over the standardized practices of these institutions. |
| 2011 military intervention in Libya | On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya, to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War. With ten votes in favour and five abstentions, the UN Security Council's intent was to have "an immediate ceasefire in Libya, including an end to the current attacks against civilians, which it said might constitute "crimes against humanity" ... |
| Customer to customer | Customer to customer (C2C or consumer to consumer) markets provide a way to allow customers to interact with each other. Traditional markets require business to customer relationships, in which a customer goes to the business in order to purchase a product or service. |
| Non-price competition | Non-price competition is a marketing strategy "in which one firm tries to distinguish its product or service from competing products on the basis of attributes like design and workmanship". It often occurs in imperfectly competitive markets because it exists between two or more producers that sell goods and services at the same prices but compete to increase their respective market shares through non-price measures such as marketing schemes and greater quality. |
| Dependent type | In computer science and logic, a dependent type is a type whose definition depends on a value. It is an overlapping feature of type theory and type systems. |
| Jack Dorsey | Jack Patrick Dorsey (born November 19, 1976) is an American Internet entrepreneur, programmer, and philanthropist who is the co-founder and former CEO of Twitter, as well as the founder and principal executive officer of Block, Inc., a financial payments company.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nDorsey was born and raised in St. |
| Black oxide | Black oxide or blackening is a conversion coating for ferrous materials, stainless steel, copper and copper based alloys, zinc, powdered metals, and silver solder. It is used to add mild corrosion resistance, for appearance, and to minimize light reflection. |
| Opportunity cost | In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a particular activity option is the loss of value or benefit that would be incurred (the cost) by engaging in that activity, relative to engaging in an alternative activity offering a higher return in value or benefit. \nThe smaller the opportunity cost, the greater the comparative advantage. |
| Efficiency ratio | The efficiency ratio indicates the expenses as a percentage of revenue (expenses / revenue), with a few variations – it is essentially how much a corporation or individual spends to make a dollar; entities are supposed to attempt minimizing efficiency ratios (reducing expenses and increasing earnings). The concept typically applies to banks. |
| Faraday efficiency | Faraday efficiency (also called faradaic efficiency, faradaic yield, coulombic efficiency or current efficiency) describes the efficiency with which charge (electrons) is transferred in a system facilitating an electrochemical reaction. The word "Faraday" in this term has two interrelated aspects. |
| Public policy doctrine | In private international law, the public policy doctrine or ordre public (French: lit. "public order") concerns the body of principles that underpin the operation of legal systems in each state. |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | Sandra Day O'Connor (born March 26, 1930) is an American retired attorney and politician who served as the first female associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1981 to 2006. She was the first woman nominated and subsequently the first woman confirmed. |
| Compliance Week | Compliance Week, published by Wilmington plc, is the leading news, analysis and information resource for the ethics, governance, risk, and compliance professions. Products include weekly electronic newsletters, a bimonthly print magazine, proprietary databases and tools, events, jobs, and a variety of interactive features and forums. |
| South African environmental law | South African environmental law describes the legal rules in South Africa relating to the social, economic, philosophical and jurisprudential issues raised by attempts to protect and conserve the environment in South Africa. South African environmental law encompasses natural resource conservation and utilization, as well as land-use planning and development. |
| Public policy | Public policy is an institutionalized proposal to solve relevant and real-world problems, guided by a conception and implemented by programs as a course of action created and/or enacted, typically by a government or nonprofit organisation , in response to social issues. Beyond this broad definition, public policy has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. |
| Exchange rate regime | An exchange rate regime is a way a monetary authority of a country or currency union manages the currency about other currencies and the foreign exchange market. It is closely related to monetary policy and the two are generally dependent on many of the same factors, such as economic scale and openness, inflation rate, the elasticity of the labor market, financial market development, capital mobility ,etc. |
| United States Special Operations Command | The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM or SOCOM) is the unified combatant command charged with overseeing the various special operations component commands of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force of the United States Armed Forces. The command is part of the Department of Defense and is the only unified combatant command created by an Act of Congress. |
| Risk Factors |
|---|
| FEDDERS CORP /DE Item 1A Risk Factors |
| 7 ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS OUR BUSINESS CAN BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY AN ECONOMIC DOWNTURN Our business is affected by a number of economic factors, including the level of economic activity in the markets in which we operate |
| A decline in economic activity in the United States could materially affect our financial condition and results of operations |
| In our business, a decline in economic activity, as a result of cyclical or other factors, typically results in a decline in purchases of our products, which would result in a decrease in our sales volume and profitability |
| Hotter than normal summers generate strong demand for our air conditioning products |
| Conversely, cooler than normal summers depress our sales |
| Because a high percentage of our overhead and operating expenses is relatively fixed throughout the year, operating earnings and net earnings tend to be lower in quarters with lower sales |
| Variations in demand could have a material adverse effect on the timing of our cash flows and therefore our ability to service our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, including the notes |
| WE MAY INCUR MATERIAL COSTS AS A RESULT OF WARRANTY AND PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS, WHICH WOULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR PROFITABILITY The development, manufacture, sale and use of our products involve a risk of warranty and product liability claims |
| Our product liability insurance policies have limits that, if exceeded, may result in material costs that would have an adverse effect on our future profitability |
| In addition, warranty claims are not covered 7 |
| WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY COMPETE IN THE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE HVACR BUSINESS Competition in our various markets could cause us to reduce our prices or lose market share, or could negatively affect our cash flow, which could have an adverse effect on our future financial results |
| Substantially all of the markets in which we participate are highly competitive |
| The most significant competitive factors we face are product reliability, product performance, service and price, with the relative importance of these factors varying among our product lines |
| Other factors that affect competition in the HVACR market include the development and application of new technologies and an increasing emphasis on the development of more energy efficient HVACR products |
| Moreover, new product introductions are an important factor in the market categories in which our products compete |
| Several of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we have, allowing them to invest in more extensive research and development |
| We may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competition, and we cannot be assured that the current and future competitive pressures faced by us will not materially adversely affect our business and results of operations |
| One of these customers was The Home Depot |
| The Company expects this percentage to continue to decline because the Company discontinued selling room air conditioners to The Home Depot retail stores in the United States due to low margins and high working capital requirements |
| While we have done business with most of our principal customers for a number of years, agreements with principal customers are reached annually and are based on purchase orders |
| We cannot assure you that sales to principal customers will continue at current levels |
| Further, continuation of the relationships depends on the customers &apos satisfaction with the price, quality and delivery of our products |
| The loss of, or a reduction in purchase levels by, a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on our business |
| OUR WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FLUCTUATE BECAUSE OF THE SEASONAL NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS UNAVAILABILITY OF REQUIRED WORKING CAPITAL COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT US Because of the seasonal nature of our business, our working capital requirements are significantly higher at certain times of the year |
| Additional working capital may not be available on satisfactory terms |
| Unavailability of required working capital could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results |
| OUR LOSS OF CERTAIN KEY MEMBERS OF MANAGEMENT OR INABILITY TO ATTRACT OTHER QUALIFIED PERSONNEL COULD NEGATIVELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS PROSPECTS We believe that our performance has been and will continue to be dependent upon the efforts of our principal executive officers |
| Although we have designed incentive and compensation programs to retain key employees, including options to purchase our stock, we cannot assure you that our principal executive officers will continue to be available |
| Sal Giordano, Jr, Chairman and CEO of Fedders Corporation is the only principal executive officer with an employment agreement, the term of which expires on September 30, 2006 |
| The loss of some or all of these principal executive officers could have a material adverse effect on us |
| We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled and qualified personnel |
| THE UNAVAILABILITY OF AND FLUCTUATION IN THE COST OF RAW MATERIALS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FUTURE RESULTS Our operations are dependent on the supply of various raw materials, including steel, copper and aluminum, from domestic and foreign suppliers |
| We obtain substantially all of our supply of steel, copper and 8 |
| Supply interruptions or cost increases which we are unable to pass on to our customers could adversely affect our future operating results |
| WE ARE SUBJECT TO VARIOUS REGULATORY LAWS THAT AFFECT OUR BUSINESS AND PRODUCTS We are subject to various federal, state and local laws affecting our business |
| Air conditioners are subject to regulations providing for minimum energy efficiency rating requirements |
| A combination of an efficient compressor and the design of the air conditioning system using the compressor is needed to achieve the required ratings |
| The required efficiency levels may be changed by the relevant regulatory authority |
| Any future changes in required efficiency levels or other government regulations could adversely affect our industry and our business |
| EXPOSURE TO ENVIRONMENTAL LIABILITIES COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Current or future environmental laws could adversely affect our future profitability |
| We are subject to extensive and changing federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations designed to protect the environment, including those governing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous materials and the cleanup of contaminated sites |
| These laws and regulations could impose liability for remediation costs and often result in civil or criminal penalties in cases of non-compliance |
| In addition, liability for cleanup costs under certain environmental laws, such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA, or the federal Superfund law), can be imposed retroactively and without regard to the lawfulness of our conduct |
| Compliance with environmental laws increases our costs of doing business |
| Because these laws are subject to frequent change, we are unable to predict the future costs resulting from environmental compliance |
| OUR INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS INHERENT IN SUCH ACTIVITIES We have dedicated resources to participate in the international market by establishing operations in a number of countries |
| Through Fedders International, Inc, we have operations in a number of countries, including China, India, Germany, the United Kingdom and the Philippines |
| Foreign operations are subject to the risks inherent in such activities, such as foreign regulations, unsettled political conditions, exchange rate fluctuations, logistical and communication challenges, burdensome costs of complying with a variety of foreign laws, greater difficulties in protecting intellectual property and general economic conditions in these foreign markets |
| Our international operations may be adversely affected by changes in government policies, such as changes in laws and regulations (or the interpretation thereof), restrictions on imports and exports and sources of supply, duties or tariffs, the introduction of measures to control inflation, changes in the rate or method of taxation, the imposition of restrictions on currency conversion and remittances abroad and the expropriation of private enterprise |
| In addition, policy concerns particular to the United States with respect to a country in which we have operations could adversely affect our operations in that country |
| A significant portion of our net sales and costs are denominated in foreign currencies, including the Chinese yuan, and, to a lesser extent, the Canadian dollar, the euro, the Philippine peso and the Indian rupee |
| As a result, changes in exchange rates of these foreign currencies to the US dollar will affect our sales, cost of sales and operating margins and could result in exchange losses |
| The impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations cannot be accurately predicted |
| In the future, we may engage in exchange rate-hedging activities in an effort to mitigate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations |
| However, we cannot be assured that any hedging transactions we may enter into will be effective or will not result in foreign exchange hedging loss |
| WE MAY BE UNABLE TO REALIZE THE EXPECTED COST SAVINGS FROM OUR RESTRUCTURING INITIATIVES Our ability to compete effectively depends in part on our ability to control or reduce our cost structure and increase the efficiency of our manufacturing processes |
| Although we have implemented several restructuring initiatives, including the relocation of manufacturing facilities, and have others that we may 9 |
| We cannot be assured that our past or future restructuring initiatives will achieve the full expected benefits of the cost savings or revenue enhancements within the expected time frame or at all |
| The cost savings may be offset by costs incurred in restructuring our operations, as well as by increases in other expenses unrelated to the restructuring |
| WE MAY BE UNABLE TO MAINTAIN OUR LISTING ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE On February 6, 2006, the New York Stock Exchange ( "e NYSE "e ) notified Fedders that the Company is currently not in compliance with the NYSEapstas continuing listing standards |
| The Company is considered "e below criteria "e by the NYSE since, over a 30-day trading period, the Companyapstas average global market capitalization was less than dlra75 million as of January 30, 2006 and the Companyapstas stockholders &apos equity was less than dlra75 million reported in its third quarter Form 10-Q Only one of these has to be satisfied |
| In accordance with NYSE rules, the Company submitted a business plan to the NYSE that demonstrates planned compliance with NYSE listing standards within 18 months |