Home
Jump to Risk Factors
Jump to Industries
Jump to Exposures
Jump to Event Codes
Jump to Wiki Summary

Industries
Commercial and Professional Services
Diversified Commercial Services
Diversified Financial Services
Real Estate
Real Estate Services
Exposures
Military
Regime
Economic
Cooperate
Provide
Event Codes
Solicit support
Empathize
Yield to order
Demand
Sports contest
Acknowledge responsibility
Wiki Wiki Summary
Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona Passeig de Lluís Companys (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈsɛdʒ də ʎuˈis kumˈpaɲs]) is a promenade in the Ciutat Vella and Eixample districts of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and can be seen as an extension of Passeig de Sant Joan. It was named after President Lluís Companys, who was executed in 1940.
Conxita Julià Conxita Julià i Farrés (Catalan pronunciation: [kuɲˈʃitə ʒuliˈa j fəˈres]; 11 June 1920 – 9 January 2019), also known as Conxita de Carrasco, was a Catalan woman noted for her dealings with Lluís Companys, President of Catalonia, in the 1930s, and for her poetry. Julià died in January 2019 at the age of 98.
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special operations Special operations (S.O.) are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism actions, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly-trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as "special forces".
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
December December is the twelfth and the final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December 17 December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 14 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome.
December 26 December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 16 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum.
2016 in aviation This is a list of aviation-related events from 2016.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== January ===\nThe Government of Italy permitted United States unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) to fly strike missions from Naval Air Station Sigonella in Sicily where the US has operated unarmed surveillance UAVs since 2001 against Islamic State targets in Libya, but only if they are "defensive," protecting U.S. forces or rescuers retrieving downed pilots.
Mortgage-backed security A mortgage-backed security (MBS) is a type of asset-backed security (an 'instrument') which is secured by a mortgage or collection of mortgages. The mortgages are aggregated and sold to a group of individuals (a government agency or investment bank) that securitizes, or packages, the loans together into a security that investors can buy.
Real estate investing Real estate investing involves the purchase, management and sale or rental of real estate for profit. Improvement of realty property as part of a real estate investment strategy is generally considered to be a sub-specialty of real estate investing called real estate development.
Student loan A student loan is a type of loan designed to help students pay for post-secondary education and the associated fees, such as tuition, books and supplies, and living expenses. It may differ from other types of loans in the fact that the interest rate may be substantially lower and the repayment schedule may be deferred while the student is still in school.
New York (state) New York, officially known as the State of New York, is a state in the Northeastern United States. It is sometimes called New York State to distinguish it from its largest city, New York City.
Administrative divisions of New York (state) The administrative divisions of New York are the various units of government that provide local services in the State of New York. The state is divided into boroughs, counties, cities, townships called "towns", and villages.
Participation loan Participation loans are loans made by multiple lenders to a single borrower. \nSeveral banks, for example, might chip in to fund one extremely large loan, with one of the banks taking the role of the "lead bank".
Shattered assumptions theory In social psychology, shattered assumptions theory proposes that experiencing traumatic events can change how victims and survivors view themselves and the world. Specifically, the theory – developed by Ronnie Janoff-Bulman in 1992 – concerns the effect that negative events have on three inherent assumptions: overall benevolence of the world, meaningfulness of the world, and self worth.
Charge-off A charge-off or chargeoff is a declaration by a creditor (usually a credit card account) that an amount of debt is unlikely to be collected. This occurs when a consumer becomes severely delinquent on a debt.
Resolution Trust Corporation The Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) was a U.S. government-owned asset management company run by Lewis William Seidman and charged with liquidating assets, primarily real estate-related assets such as mortgage loans, that had been assets of savings and loan associations (S&Ls) declared insolvent by the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) as a consequence of the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s. It also took over the insurance functions of the former Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB).
Equity (finance) In finance, equity is ownership of assets that may have debts or other liabilities attached to them. Equity is measured for accounting purposes by subtracting liabilities from the value of the assets.
Nominal interest rate In finance and economics, the nominal interest rate or nominal rate of interest is either of two distinct things: \n\nthe rate of interest before adjustment for inflation (in contrast with the real interest rate); or,\nfor interest rates "as stated" without adjustment for the full effect of compounding (also referred to as the nominal annual rate). An interest rate is called nominal if the frequency of compounding (e.g.
Real interest rate The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
Interest rate parity Interest rate parity is a no-arbitrage condition representing an equilibrium state under which investors interest rates available on bank deposits in two countries. The fact that this condition does not always hold allows for potential opportunities to earn riskless profits from covered interest arbitrage.
Interest rate cap and floor An interest rate cap is a type of interest rate derivative in which the buyer receives payments at the end of each period in which the interest rate exceeds the agreed strike price. An example of a cap would be an agreement to receive a payment for each month the LIBOR rate exceeds 2.5%.
Interest rate ceiling An interest rate ceiling (also known as an interest rate cap) is a regulatory measure that prevents banks or other financial institutions from charging more than a certain level of interest.\n\n\n== Interest rate caps and their impact on financial inclusion ==\nResearch was conducted after Zambia reopened an old debate on a lending rate ceiling for banks and other financial institutions.
Securities lending In finance, securities lending or stock lending refers to the lending of securities by one party to another.\nThe terms of the loan will be governed by a "Securities Lending Agreement", which requires that the borrower provides the lender with collateral, in the form of cash or non-cash securities, of value equal to or greater than the loaned securities plus an agreed-upon margin.
Security (finance) A security is a tradable financial asset. The term commonly refers to any form of financial instrument, but its legal definition varies by jurisdiction.
United States Treasury security United States Treasury securities, also called Treasuries or Treasurys, are government debt instruments issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to finance government spending as an alternative to taxation. Since 2012, U.S. government debt has been managed by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, succeeding the Bureau of the Public Debt.
List of companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India This is a list of companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE).
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (Pub.L. 73–291, 48 Stat. 881, enacted June 6, 1934, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America.
Sequence In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed and order matters. Like a set, it contains members (also called elements, or terms).
Bone loss Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility, and consequent increase in fracture risk. It is the most common reason for a broken bone among the elderly.
Market area A market area is a geographic zone containing the people who are likely to purchase a firm's goods or services.
Camden Market The Camden markets are a number of adjoining large retail markets, often collectively referred to as Camden Market or Camden Lock, located in the historic former Pickfords stables, in Camden Town, London. It is situated north of the Hampstead Road Lock of the Regent's Canal (popularly referred to as Camden Lock).
South of Market, San Francisco South of Market (SoMa) is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California, situated just south of Market Street. It contains several sub-neighborhoods including South Beach, Yerba Buena, and Rincon Hill.
Tsukiji fish market The Tsukiji Market (築地市場, Tsukiji shijō), supervised by the Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market (東京都中央卸売市場, Tōkyō-to Chūō Oroshiuri Shijō) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs, was the largest wholesale fish and seafood market in the world. It was also one of the largest wholesale supermarkets of any kind.
Risk Factors
EVANS BANCORP INC Item 1A RISK FACTORS The following factors identified by the Company’s management represent significant potential risks that the Company faces in its operations
Commercial Real Estate and Commercial Business Loans Expose the Company to Increased Lending Risks
At December 31, 2005, the Company’s portfolio of commercial real estate loans totaled dlra123dtta7 million, or 47dtta6prca of total gross loans and the Company’s portfolio of commercial business loans totaled dlra29dtta9 million, or 11dtta5prca of total gross loans
The Company plans to continue to emphasize the origination of commercial loans
Commercial loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss than one-to four-family residential mortgage loans because repayment of commercial real estate and business loans often depends on the successful operations and the income stream of the borrowers
Such loans typically involve larger loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers compared to one-to four-family residential mortgage loans
Also, many of the Company’s borrowers have more than one commercial real estate or commercial business loan outstanding with the Company
Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose the Company to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a one- to four-family residential mortgage loan
The Company’s success depends primarily on the general economic conditions in western New York State
Unlike larger banks that are more geographically diversified, the Company provides banking and financial services to customers primarily in western New York State
The Company’s business lending and marketing strategies focus on loans to small- to medium-sized businesses in this geographic region
Moreover, the Company’s assets are heavily concentrated in 21 _________________________________________________________________ [52]Table of Contents mortgages on properties located in western New York State
Accordingly, the Company’s business and operations are vulnerable to downturns in the economies of western New York State
The concentration of the Company’s loans in this geographic region subjects the Company to risk that a downturn in the economy or recession in this region could result in a decrease in loan originations and increases in delinquencies and foreclosures, which would more greatly affect the Company than if the Company’s lending were more geographically diversified
In addition, the Company may suffer losses if there is a decline in the value of properties underlying the Company’s mortgage loans which would have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations
In the Event the Company’s Allowance for Loan Losses is Not Sufficient to Cover Actual Loan Losses, the Company’s Earnings Could Decrease
The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses in order to mitigate the effect of possible losses inherent in its loan portfolio
There is a risk that the Company may experience significant loan losses which could exceed the allowance for loan losses the Company has currently set aside
In determining the amount of the Company’s allowance, the Company makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectibility of its loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of its borrowers, the effect of changes in the local economy on the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of loans, the effects on the Company’s loan portfolio of current economic indicators and their probable impact on borrowers, and the Company’s loan quality reviews
In addition, bank regulators periodically review the Company’s loan portfolio and credit underwriting procedures, as well as its allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to increase its provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs
At December 31, 2005, the Company had a net loan portfolio of approximately dlra260dtta0 million and the allowance for loan losses was approximately dlra3dtta2 million, which represented 1dtta23prca of the total amount of gross loans
If the Company’s assumptions and judgments prove to be incorrect or bank regulators require the Company to increase its provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, the Company may have to increase its allowance for loan losses or loan charge-offs which could have an adverse effect on the Company’s operating results and financial condition
There can be no assurances that the Company’s allowance for loan losses will be adequate to protect the Company against loan losses that it may incur
The Company’s results of operations and financial condition may be significantly affected by changes in interest rates
The Company’s results of operations depend substantially on its net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on its interest-earning assets and the interest expense paid on its interest-bearing liabilities
Because the Company’s interest-bearing liabilities generally re-price or mature more quickly than its interest-earning assets, an increase in interest rates generally would tend to result in a decrease in its net interest income
Changes in interest rates also affect the value of the Company’s interest-earning assets, and in particular, the Company’s securities portfolio
Generally, the value of securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates
At December 31, 2005, the Company’s securities available for sale totaled dlra155dtta6 million
Net unrealized losses on securities available for sale, net of tax, amounted to dlra1dtta3 million and are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity
Decreases in the fair value of securities available for sale, therefore, could have an adverse effect on stockholders’ equity or earnings
The Company also is subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates
Decreases in interest rates can result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance to reduce borrowing costs
Under these circumstances, the Company is subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that it is unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments at rates that are comparable to the rates on existing loans and securities
Additionally, increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans
Strong Competition Within the Company’s Market Area May Limit its Growth and Profitability
Competition in the banking and financial services industry is intense
The Company competes with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms operating locally within the Company’s market area and elsewhere
Many of these competitors (whether regional or national institutions) have substantially greater resources and lending limits than the Company does, and may offer certain services that the Company does not or cannot provide
The Company’s profitability depends upon its continued ability to successfully compete in this market area
The Company is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the OCC, FRB, and by the FDIC, as insurer of its deposits
Such regulation and supervision govern the activities in which a bank and its holding company may engage and are intended primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance funds and depositors
Regulatory requirements affect the Company’s lending practices, capital structure, investment practices, dividend policy and growth
These regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the imposition of restrictions on the operation of a bank, the classification of assets by a bank and the adequacy of a bank’s allowance for loan losses
Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, or legislation, could have a material adverse impact on the Bank, the Company and its business, financial condition and results of operations