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Wiki Wiki Summary
The Combination The Combination was a league during the early days of English football. It had two incarnations; the first ran only for the 1888–89 season for teams across the Northern England and the Midlands, and was wound up before completion.
Combination therapy Combination therapy or polytherapy is therapy that uses more than one medication or modality. Typically, the term refers to using multiple therapies to treat a single disease, and often all the therapies are pharmaceutical (although it can also involve non-medical therapy, such as the combination of medications and talk therapy to treat depression).
Disparate impact Disparate impact in United States labor law refers to practices in employment, housing, and other areas that adversely affect one group of people of a protected characteristic more than another, even though rules applied by employers or landlords are formally neutral. Although the protected classes vary by statute, most federal civil rights laws protect based on race, color, religion, national origin, and sex as protected traits, and some laws include disability status and other traits as well.
Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona Passeig de Lluís Companys (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈsɛdʒ də ʎuˈis kumˈpaɲs]) is a promenade in the Ciutat Vella and Eixample districts of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and can be seen as an extension of Passeig de Sant Joan. It was named after President Lluís Companys, who was executed in 1940.
Companys, procés a Catalunya Companys, procés a Catalunya (Spanish: Companys, proceso a Cataluña) is a 1979 Spanish Catalan drama film directed by Josep Maria Forn, based on the last months of the life of the President of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, in which he shows his detention by the Nazis and his subsequent execution by the Spanish Francoists. It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival.
Contract A contract is a legally enforceable agreement that creates, defines, and governs mutual rights and obligations among its parties. A contract typically involves the transfer of goods, services, money, or a promise to transfer any of those at a future date.
Milestone A milestone is a numbered marker placed on a route such as a road, railway line, canal or boundary. They can indicate the distance to towns, cities, and other places or landmarks; or they can give their position on the route relative to some datum location.
Child development stages Child development stages are the theoretical milestones of child development, some of which are asserted in nativist theories. This article discusses the most widely accepted developmental stages in children.
Control environment A control environment, also called "Internal control environment", is a term of financial audit, internal audit and Enterprise Risk Management. It means the overall attitude, awareness and actions of directors and management (i.e.
Effective altruism Effective altruism (EA) is a philosophical and social movement that advocates "using evidence and reason to figure out how to benefit others as much as possible, and taking action on that basis". People who pursue the goals of effective altruism are labeled effective altruists.Common practices of effective altruists include significant charitable donation, and choosing careers based on the amount of good that the career achieves, which may include the strategy of earning to give.
Effective radiated power Effective radiated power (ERP), synonymous with equivalent radiated power, is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency (RF) power, such as that emitted by a radio transmitter. It is the total power in watts that would have to be radiated by a half-wave dipole antenna to give the same radiation intensity (signal strength or power flux density in watts per square meter) as the actual source antenna at a distant receiver located in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam (main lobe).
Effective demand In economics, effective demand (ED) in a market is the demand for a product or service which occurs when purchasers are constrained in a different market. It contrasts with notional demand, which is the demand that occurs when purchasers are not constrained in any other market.
List of Back to the Future characters The Back to the Future film trilogy and subsequent animated series feature characters created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale.\nThe lead character of the series is Marty McFly.
Arbitrage Arbitration, a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR), is a way to resolve disputes outside the judiciary courts. The dispute will be decided by one or more persons (the 'arbitrators', 'arbiters' or 'arbitral tribunal'), which renders the 'arbitration award'.
Onna-musha Onna-musha (女武者) is a term referring to female warriors in pre-modern Japan. These women fought in battle alongside samurai men.
Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and performing covert actions. As a principal member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet of the United States.
Employment contract An employment contract or contract of employment is a kind of contract used in labour law to attribute rights and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.\nThe contract is between an "employee" and an "employer".
Contingent liability Contingent liabilities are liabilities that may be incurred by an entity depending on the outcome of an uncertain future event such as the outcome of a pending lawsuit. These liabilities are not recorded in a company's accounts and shown in the balance sheet when both probable and reasonably estimable as 'contingency' or 'worst case' financial outcome.
Conditions races Conditions races are horse races in which the weights carried by the runners are laid down by the conditions attached to the race. Weights are allocated according to the sex of the runners, with female runners carrying less weight than males; the age of the runners, with younger horses receiving weight from older runners to allow for relative maturity, referred to as weight for age; and the quality of the runners, with horses that have won certain values of races giving weight to less successful entrants.
Isolation (database systems) In database systems, isolation determines how transaction integrity is visible to other users and systems.\nA lower isolation level increases the ability of many users to access the same data at the same time, but increases the number of concurrency effects (such as dirty reads or lost updates) users might encounter.
Conflict of interest A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another. Typically, this relates to situations in which the personal interest of an individual or organization might adversely affect a duty owed to make decisions for the benefit of a third party.
Personal Relationships Elvis Presley had many close relationships throughout his career. The strongest of all the personal relationships of Elvis Presley, by far, was that he had with his mother Gladys, as described below.
India at the Asian Games India is a member of the South Asian Zone of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), and has participated in the Asian Games since their inception in 1951. The Indian Olympic Association, established in 1927, and recognised in the same year by the International Olympic Committee, is the National Olympic Committee for India.India was one of the first five founding members of the Asian Games Federation on 13 February 1949, in New Delhi; the organisation was disbanded on 26 November 1981 and replaced by the Olympic Council of Asia.
Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business.
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Trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment". such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause-conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers.
Copywriting Copywriting is the act or occupation of writing text for the purpose of advertising or other forms of marketing. The product, called copy or sales copy, is written content that aims to increase brand awareness and ultimately persuade a person or group to take a particular action.Copywriters help create billboards, brochures, catalogs, jingle lyrics, magazine and newspaper advertisements, sales letters and other direct mail, scripts for television or radio commercials, taglines, white papers, website and social media posts, and other marketing communications.
Part number A part number (often abbreviated PN, P/N, part no., or part #) is an identifier of a particular part design or material used in a particular industry. Its purpose is to simplify reference to that item.
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Risk Factors
COVANSYS CORP Item 1A Risk Factors Listed below are certain risk factors associated with Covansys
The impact of any risk factor listed below, or combination of factors listed below, could materially and adversely affect our future revenue and earnings which could in turn adversely affect the quoted market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities
Changes in Estimates Could Effect the Profitability of Our Fixed Price Projects Covansys realized approximately 42prca of its 2005 revenue from fixed price contracts (percentage of completion as well as fixed price IT outsourcing and maintenance)
Approximately 14prca of revenue was 4 _________________________________________________________________ [55]Table of Contents realized from fixed price contracts with respect to which we recognize revenue on a percentage of completion basis
Changes in estimated costs to complete as a result of the subjectivity inherent in estimating the costs to complete could be unfavorable and change our estimates of the ultimate profitability on these projects
These projects generally contain payment terms that are tied to the successful achievement of delivered milestones
These milestones frequently require a substantial level of work and thus expose the Company to large unbilled balances
The ultimate payment of these balances is dependent on the acceptance of the deliverables contractually agreed to relative to each milestone
Internal Control Weaknesses Could Effect the Reliability of Our Financial Statements In our 2004 Form 10-K, management disclosed various material weaknesses in our internal control environment
We effectively remediated these weaknesses and details of the remediation efforts are disclosed in Item 9A of this Form 10-K While our assessment, testing and evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting resulted in our conclusion that as of December 31, 2005, our internal control environment is effective, we cannot predict the outcome of our testing in future periods
If we conclude in future periods that our internal control environment is not effective, we may be required to change our internal controls to remediate deficiencies, investors may lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, and we may be subject to sanctions by regulatory authorities
Also, if we identify areas of our internal control environment that require improvement, we could incur additional expenses to implement enhanced processes and controls to address such issues
Any such events could adversely effect our financial results and/or may result in a negative reaction in the stock market
Our Operating Results are Difficult to Predict Because They Vary from Quarter to Quarter Our revenue and operating results can vary from quarter to quarter depending on a number of factors, including: • The timing and number of client projects commenced and completed during a quarter; • Changes in the rates we charge clients for services; • Employee hiring, attrition, utilization and billing rates; • Progress on fixed-price projects during a quarter; and • Our ability to obtain a written contract prior to the end of a quarter
Because a high percentage of our expenses are fixed, such as personnel and facilities costs, a variation in revenue may cause a significant variation in our quarterly operating results and could result in losses
Failure to Recruit, Train and Retain Skilled Resources Could Increase Costs or Limit Growth Our continued success depends upon our ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly skilled IT professionals and project managers with the necessary technical skills and experience who may be in high demand worldwide
We cannot be certain that we will be able to attract or retain the IT professionals that we seek
Our Agreement to Sell the State and Local practice of Our Public Sector Business May Not Close The Company’s agreement signed in March 2006 to sell the state and local practice of our public sector business is contingent on the Company’s ability to meet certain closing conditions, including the assignment of contracts to the buyer
In the event that those closing conditions are not met, the agreement will be terminated and the transaction will not close
The failure to close this transaction could adversely affect the Company’s relationships with its customers and its ability to sell work to these and other public sector customers in the future
In addition, the Company may encounter employee attrition in connection with the transaction which may impact its ability to complete existing projects
5 _________________________________________________________________ [56]Table of Contents We are Exposed to Regulatory, Political and General Economic Conditions in India and Asia that Differ from Those in the United States Revenue generated by our India and Asia operations, as calculated on a full attribution basis, from both direct services provided to clients in India and Asia as well as services provided to customers in the United States and Europe accounted for approximately 30prca of our 2005 revenue
In addition, over 67prca of our workforce is located in India and Asia
We benefit directly from certain incentives provided by the Indian government to encourage foreign investment, including tax holidays (temporary exemptions from taxation on operating income) and liberalized import and export duties
If the Indian government changes any of these incentives, it could negatively impact the profitability of our Indian operations
Changes in interest rates, inflation rates, tax rates and policies, or other social, political, economic or diplomatic developments affecting India in the future could have an adverse effect on our business
Our foreign operations are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations, foreign exchange restrictions and related issues that may adversely impact our operating results
In addition, if we fail to manage our geographically dispersed operations we may not meet our financial objectives
Our Contracts are Short-Term and Contain Termination Provisions that Exposes Us to Greater Variability in Revenue Many of our contracts have terms of less than one year
A client may choose not to renew its contract when it terminates
Under some of our contracts, clients may unilaterally reduce the use of our services with little or no notice and without penalty
Many of our contracts have termination provisions and contracts with our public sector state and local clients typically allow for termination for convenience which is required by law
If we are unable to retain our existing clients, our business could be adversely affected
An unanticipated termination of a major project could result in a loss of revenues and could require us to pay a number of unassigned IT professionals until new engagements can be obtained
We Operate in Highly Competitive Markets That Could Effect Our Profitability The IT services industry is highly competitive, undergoing consolidation and is served by many national, regional and local firms, all of which are either existing or potential competitors
Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources and greater name recognition than we do
In addition, there are relatively few barriers to entry into our markets
We have faced, and we expect to continue to face, additional competition from new entrants into our markets as well as intensive pricing pressures from that competition
We cannot be certain that we will be able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors
Some of Our Clients May Experience Unique Economic Conditions that are Specific to Their Particular Industry We provide services to clients in a wide variety of industries
Many of the industries are subject to factors and economic conditions that are unique to the particular industry and may not be reflected in the overall health of the economy in general
Our revenue growth and the realizability of our accounts receivable could be adversely affected if our clients in these particular industries encounter economic difficulties
Such difficulties could include: • The inability of participants in the industry to access the capital or credit markets; • Business slowdowns due to excess inventory; and • Shortfalls in demand for the product or service produced by a particular industry
We Frequently Need to Negotiate Contract Renewals on Comparable Terms to Maintain Our Profitability Contracts continually expire and must be renegotiated or rebid
Due to the competitive nature of our industry and variable economic status of our clients, we may experience difficulty in negotiating terms comparable to current or recently expired contracts
6 _________________________________________________________________ [57]Table of Contents Public Sector Budget Constraints Could Effect Our Profitability Contracts with state and local government clients generated approximately 25prca of our revenue during the year ended December 31, 2005
Our public sector clients are experiencing significant budget constraints which could result in a decrease in the amount of business generated in the future by these customers
We Have Limited Protection of Our Intellectual Property Rights Our success depends in part upon certain of our solutions and methodologies that we utilize in providing IT services to our clients
We rely upon a combination of nondisclosure and other contractual arrangements and trade secret, copyright and trademark laws to protect our proprietary rights and the proprietary rights of third parties from whom we license intellectual property and/or perform services
Our Services May Infringe Upon the Intellectual Property Rights of Others We cannot be sure that our services do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, and we may have infringement claims asserted against us
These claims may harm our reputation, cost us money and prevent us from offering some services
In some contracts, we have agreed to indemnify, and may in the future agree to indemnify, our clients for certain expenses or liabilities resulted from claimed infringements of the intellectual property rights of third parties
In some instances, the amount of these indemnities may be greater than the revenue we receive from the customer
While there are no current claims as of this date, any claims or litigation in this area may be costly and result in large awards against us and, whether we ultimately win or lose, could be time-consuming, may injure our reputation, may result in costly delays or may require us to enter into royalty or licensing arrangements
If there is a successful claim of infringement or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights we require on a timely basis, our ability to use certain technologies, products and services may be limited, and our business may be harmed
We May Face Legal Liabilities and Damage to our Professional Reputation From Claims Made Against Our Work
Many of our engagements involve projects that are critical to the operations of our clients’ businesses
If we fail to meet our contractual obligations, we could be subject to legal liability, which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition
The provisions we typically include in our contracts that are designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services and the applications we develop may not protect us or may not be enforceable under some circumstances or the laws of some jurisdictions
We have experienced liability claims in the past that have resulted in litigation expenses and payments for settlements
Because of the nature of our business, we may have claims asserted against us in the future
Moreover, as a consulting firm, we depend to a large extent on our relationships with our clients and our reputation to attract and retain clients and employees
As a result, claims alleged by clients may be more damaging in our industry than in other businesses
We May Fail to Properly Manage Acquisitions and Strategic Investments We have expanded, and plan to continue to expand our operations through acquisitions of additional businesses
Acquisitions involve a number of special risks, including: • Diversion of management’s attention; • Failure to retain key personnel of the acquired business: • Assumption of unanticipated legal liabilities and other problems; and • Difficulties in integrating systems, operations and cultures