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Wiki Wiki Summary
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Special operations Special operations (S.O.) are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism actions, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly-trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as "special forces".
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Common stock Common stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. The terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the United States.
Common stock dividend A common stock dividend is the dividend paid to common stock owners from the profits of the company. Like other dividends, the payout is in the form of either cash or stock.
New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$30.1 trillion as of February 2018.
Class B share In finance, a Class B share or Class C share is a designation for a share class of a common or preferred stock that typically has strengthened voting rights or other benefits compared to a Class A share that may have been created. The equity structure, or how many types of shares are offered, is determined by the corporate charter.B share can also refer to various terms relating to stock classes:\n\nB share (mainland China), a class of stock on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges\nB share (NYSE), a class of stock on the New York Stock ExchangeMost of the time, Class B shares may have lower repayment priorities in the event a company declares bankruptcy.
Bond (finance) In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date as well as interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time.
Loan A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent).
List of most indebted companies The following article lists the indebted companies in the world by total corporate debt according estimates by the British-Australian investment firm Janus Henderson. In 2019, the total debt of the 900 most indebted companies was $8,325 billion.
United States Treasury security United States Treasury securities, also called Treasuries or Treasurys, are government debt instruments issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to finance government spending as an alternative to taxation. Since 2012, U.S. government debt has been managed by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, succeeding the Bureau of the Public Debt.
Cancellation of Debt Income Taxpayers in the United States may have tax consequences when debt is cancelled. This is commonly known as COD (Cancellation of Debt) Income.
Senior debt In finance, senior debt, frequently issued in the form of senior notes or referred to as senior loans, is debt that takes priority over other unsecured or otherwise more "junior" debt owed by the issuer. Senior debt has greater seniority in the issuer's capital structure than subordinated debt.
Apollo Global Management Apollo Global Management, Inc. is an American global alternative investment management firm.
Secured loan A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some asset (e.g. a car or property) as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan.
Second lien loan The vast majority of all second lien loans are senior secured obligations of the borrower. Second lien loans differ from both unsecured debt and subordinated debt.
Bron Studios Bron Studios (stylized as BRON) is a Canadian motion picture company based in British Columbia owned by Bron Media Corporation. Bron's notable productions include Joker, Bombshell, Queen & Slim, Greyhound, Judas and the Black Messiah, The Mule, Henchmen, Roman J. Israel, Esq., Rudderless, Welcome to Me, The Addams Family, The Willoughbys, and Ghostbusters: Afterlife.
Mezzanine capital In finance, mezzanine capital is any subordinated debt or preferred equity instrument that represents a claim on a company's assets which is senior only to that of the common shares. Mezzanine financings can be structured either as debt (typically an unsecured and subordinated note) or preferred stock.
H.I.G. Capital H.I.G. Capital is a Miami, Florida–based private equity and alternative assets investment firm with $49 billion of equity capital under management. The firm operates a family of private equity, growth equity, credit/special situation, primary lending, syndicated credit, and real estate funds.
Investcorp Investcorp is a global manager of alternative investment products, for private and institutional clients. Founded in Bahrain in 1982, the firm has offices in United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, India, China and Singapore.
Subsidiary A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that belong to the same parent company are called sister companies.
Emirates subsidiaries Emirates Airline has diversified into related industries and sectors, including airport services, event organization, engineering, catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has four subsidiaries, and its parent company has more than 50.
Subsidiary alliance A subsidiary alliance, in South Asian history, was a tributary alliance between an Indian state and a European East India Company. The system of subsidiary alliances was pioneered by the French East India Company governor Joseph François Dupleix, who in the late 1740s established treaties with the Nizam of Hyderabad, India, and other Indian princes in the Carnatic.It stated that the Indian rulers who formed a treaty with the British would be provided with protection against any external attacks in place that the rulers were (a) required to keep the British army at the capitals of their states (b)they were either to give either money or some territory to the company for the maintenance of the British troops (c) they were to turn out from their states all non-english europeans whether they were employed in the army or in the civil service and (d)they had to keep a British official called 'resident' at the capital of their respective states who would oversee all the negotiations and talks with the other states which meant that the rulers were to have no direct correspondence or relations with the other states .
Subsidiary title A subsidiary title is an hereditary title held by a royal or noble person but which is not regularly used to identify that person, due to the concurrent holding of a greater title.\n\n\n== United Kingdom ==\nAn example in the United Kingdom is the Duke of Norfolk, who is also the Earl of Arundel, the Earl of Surrey, the Earl of Norfolk, the Baron Beaumont, the Baron Maltravers, the Baron FitzAlan, the Baron Clun, the Baron Oswaldestre, and the Baron Howard of Glossop.
Operating subsidiary An operating subsidiary is a subsidiary of a corporation through which the parent company (which may or may not be a holding company) indirectly conducts some portion of its business. Usually, an operating subsidiary can be distinguished in that even if its board of directors and officers overlap with those of other entities in the same corporate group, it has at least some officers and employees who conduct business operations primarily on behalf of the subsidiary alone (that is, they work directly for the subsidiary).
Subsidiary right A subsidiary right (also called a subright or sub-lease) is the right to produce or publish a product in different formats based on the original material. Subsidiary rights are common in the publishing and entertainment industries, in which subsidiary rights are granted by the author to an agent, publisher, newspaper, or film studio.
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Flight Facilities Flight Facilities is an Australian electronic producer duo that also performs as Hugo & Jimmy. In 2009, they began mixing songs by other artists before crafting their own original material.
Pedestrian facilities Pedestrian facilities include retail shops, museums, mass events (such as festivals or concert halls), hospitals, transport hubs (such as train stations or airports), sports infrastructure (such as stadiums) and religious infrastructures. The transport mode in such infrastructures is mostly walking, with rare exceptions.
Zubieta Facilities The Zubieta Facilities (Basque: Zubietako Kirol-instalakuntzak, Spanish: Instalaciones de Zubieta), is the training ground of the Primera Division club Real Sociedad. Located in Zubieta, an enclave of San Sebastian (adjacent to the San Sebastián Hippodrome), it was opened in 2004 in its modernised form, although was originally inaugurated in 1981.
Municipalities with language facilities There are 27 municipalities with language facilities (Dutch: faciliteitengemeenten; French: communes à facilités; German: Fazilitäten-Gemeinden) in Belgium which must offer linguistic services to residents in Dutch, French, or German in addition to their single official languages. All other municipalities – with the exception of those in the bilingual Brussels region – are unilingual and only offer services in their official languages, either Dutch or French.Belgian law stipulates that:\n\n12 municipalities in Flanders must offer services in French; of these 12, six (located around Brussels) are now believed to have become majority French-speaking.
Attacks on U.S. diplomatic facilities The United States maintains numerous embassies and consulates around the world, many of which are in war-torn countries or other dangerous areas.\n\n\n== Diplomatic Security ==\nThe Regional Security Office is staffed by Special Agents of the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS), and is responsible for all security, protection, and law enforcement operations in the embassy or consulate.
Metallic path facilities Metallic path facility (MPF) are the unshielded twisted pair of copper wires that run from a main distribution frame (MDF) at a local telephone exchange to the customer. In this variant, both broadband and voice (baseband) services, together potentially with a video on demand service, are provided to the end user by a single communications provider.
Risk Factors
COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL INC ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS You should carefully consider the following risks and all of the information set forth in this annual report on Form 10-K The risks described below are not the only ones facing our company
Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations
Risks Related to Our Business The seasonal demand for our products and the variations in our operations from quarter to quarter due to weather conditions may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of our common stock
Our highway deicing product line is seasonal, with operating results varying from quarter to quarter as a result of weather conditions and other factors
On average, over the last five years, our North American highway deicing product line has generated over 64prca of its annual sales, net of shipping and handling costs, during the months of December through March when the need for highway deicing is at its peak
We need to stockpile sufficient highway deicing salt in the last three fiscal quarters to meet estimated demand for the winter season
Weather conditions that impact our highway deicing product line include temperature, levels of precipitation, number of snow days and duration and timing of snow fall in our relevant geographic markets
Lower than expected sales by us during this period could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of our common stock
Our SOP operating results are dependent in part upon conditions in the agriculture markets
The agricultural products business can be affected by a number of factors, the most important of which, for US markets, are weather patterns and field conditions (particularly during periods of traditionally high crop nutrients consumption) and quantities of crop nutrients imported to and exported from North America
Additionally, our ability to produce SOP at our solar evaporation ponds is dependent upon arid weather conditions
Extended periods of precipitation or a prolonged lack of sunshine would hinder our production levels resulting in lower sales volumes
10 _________________________________________________________________ [69]Table of Contents COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, INC 2005 FORM 10-K Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and impair our ability to operate our business
As of December 31, 2005, we had dlra615dtta9 million of outstanding indebtedness, including approximately dlra350dtta0 million under CMG’s senior secured term loan facility, dlra31dtta0 million under the CMG senior secured revolving credit facility, dlra2dtta0 million of CMG senior subordinated notes, dlra97dtta1 million of our senior discount notes, dlra135dtta8 million of our senior subordinated discount notes, and a stockholders’ deficit of dlra79dtta1 million
This level of leverage could have important consequences, including the following: • it may limit our ability to borrow money or sell stock to fund our working capital, capital expenditures and debt service requirements; • it may limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business; • we may be more highly leveraged than some of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage; • it may make us more vulnerable to a downturn in our business or the economy; • it will require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the repayment of our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow for other purposes; and • it may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition if we are unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed
Although our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries, none of our subsidiaries is obligated to make funds available to us for payment on our indebtedness or to pay dividends on our capital stock
Accordingly, our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and distribute dividends to our stockholders is dependent on the earnings and the distribution of funds from our subsidiaries
The terms of our senior secured credit facilities limit the transferability of assets and the amount of dividends that our subsidiaries can distribute to us
The terms of our senior credit facilities also restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends to us in order to fund cash interest payments on the senior discount notes and the senior subordinated discount notes if CMG does not comply with the provisions relating to the adjusted total leverage ratio and consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, or if a default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under our senior secured credit facilities
We cannot assure you that we will remain in compliance with these ratios
We cannot assure you that the agreements governing the current and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries will permit our subsidiaries to provide us with sufficient dividends, distributions or loans to fund scheduled interest and principal payments on our indebtedness, when due
If we consummate an acquisition, our debt service requirements could increase
We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity
We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all
We are a holding company with no operations of our own and depend on our subsidiaries for cash
Although our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries, none of our subsidiaries are obligated to make funds available to us for payment on our indebtedness or to pay dividends on our capital stock
The terms of the CMG senior secured credit facilities (including the term loan and revolving credit facility) include limitations on the amount of dividends and equity distributions our subsidiaries can pay to us, as discussed above
All of our subsidiaries are guarantors of the CMG senior secured credit facilities
We cannot assure you that the agreements governing the current and future indebtedness of our subsidiaries will permit our subsidiaries to provide us with sufficient dividends, distributions or loans to fund scheduled interest and principal payments on our indebtedness when due
Increasing interest rates would have an adverse affect on our interest expense under our senior secured credit facilities
Additionally, the restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness and the indebtedness of Compass Minerals Group may limit our ability to pursue our business strategies or may require accelerated payments on our debt
We pay variable interest on our senior secured credit facilities based on LIBOR or ABR As of December 31, 2005, approximately dlra250 million of our variable rate borrowings totaling dlra381dtta0 million has been hedged through an interest rate swap agreement
Consequently, increases in interest rates will adversely affect our cost of debt for the portion that has not been hedged
Our senior secured credit facilities and indebtedness limit our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries, among other things, to: • incur additional indebtedness or contingent obligations; • pay dividends or make distributions to our stockholders; • repurchase or redeem our stock; • make investments; • grant liens; • make capital expenditures; • sell assets; and • acquire the assets of, or merge or consolidate with, other companies
In addition, our senior secured credit facilities require us to maintain financial ratios
These financial ratios include an interest coverage ratio and a total leverage ratio
Although we have historically been able to maintain these financial ratios, we may not be able to maintain these ratios in the future
Covenants in our senior secured credit facilities may also impair our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to enter into acquisitions or joint ventures or engage in other favorable business activities
If we default under our senior secured credit facilities, the lenders could require immediate payment of the entire principal amount
These circumstances include nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts when due, a change of control, 11 _________________________________________________________________ [70]Table of Contents COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, INC 2005 FORM 10-K default under agreements governing our other indebtedness, material judgments in excess of dlra15cmam000cmam000 or inaccuracy of representations and warranties
Any default under our senior secured credit facilities or agreements governing our other indebtedness could lead to an acceleration of principal payments under our other debt instruments that contain cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions
If the lenders under our senior secured credit facilities require immediate repayment, we will not be able to repay them and also repay our other indebtedness in full
Our ability to comply with these covenants and restrictions contained in our senior secured credit facilities and other agreements governing our other indebtedness may be affected by changes in the economic or business conditions or other events beyond our control
Economic and other risks associated with international sales and operations could adversely affect our business, including economic loss and a negative impact on earnings
Since we manufacture and sell our products primarily in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally
Our sales outside the United States, as a percentage of our total sales, were 30prca for the year ended December 31, 2005
Accordingly, our future results could be adversely affected by a variety of factors, including: • changes in foreign currency exchange rates; • exchange controls; • tariffs, other trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements; • potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws; • differing labor regulations; • requirements relating to withholding taxes on remittances and other payments by subsidiaries; • restrictions on our ability to own or operate subsidiaries, make investments or acquire new businesses in these jurisdictions; • restrictions on our ability to repatriate dividends from our subsidiaries; and • unexpected changes in regulatory requirements
Fluctuations in the value of the US dollar may adversely affect our results of operations
Because our consolidated financial results are reported in US dollars, if we generate sales or earnings in other currencies, the translation of those results into US dollars can result in a significant increase or decrease in the amount of those sales or earnings
In addition, our debt service requirements are primarily in US dollars even though a significant percentage of our cash flow is generated in Canadian dollars and pounds sterling
Significant changes in the value of Canadian dollars and pounds sterling relative to the US dollar could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to meet interest and principal payments on US dollar-denominated debt
In addition to currency translation risks, we incur currency transaction risk whenever we or one of our subsidiaries enter into either a purchase or a sales transaction using a currency other than the local currency of the transacting entity
Given the volatility of exchange rates, we cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our currency transaction and/or translation risks
It is possible that volatility in currency exchange rates will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations
We have experienced and expect to experience economic loss and a negative impact on earnings from time to time as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations
See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Effects of Currency Fluctuations and Inflation and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Market Risk
Our overall success as a global business depends, in part, upon our ability to succeed in differing economic and political conditions
We cannot assure you that we will continue to succeed in developing and implementing policies and strategies that are effective in each location where we do business
Our operations are dependent on natural gas and a significant interruption in the supply or increase in the price of natural gas could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations
Energy costs, including primarily natural gas and electricity, represented approximately 13prca of our total production costs in 2005
Natural gas is a primary fuel source used in the evaporated salt production process
Our profitability is impacted by the price and availability of natural gas we purchase from third parties
We have a policy of hedging natural gas prices through the use of swap agreements
We have not entered into any long-term contracts for the purchase of natural gas
Our contractual arrangements for the supply of natural gas do not specify quantities and are automatically renewed annually unless either party elects not to do so
We do not have arrangements in place with back-up suppliers
A significant increase in the price of natural gas that is not recovered through an increase in the price of our products or covered through our hedging arrangements, or an extended interruption in the supply of natural gas to our production facilities, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows
Increasing costs or a lack of availability of transportation services could have an adverse effect on our ability to deliver products at competitive prices
Because of salt’s relatively low production cost, transportation and handling costs tend to be a significant component of the total delivered cost of sales
The high relative cost of transportation tends to favor manufacturers located close to the customer
We contract shipping, barge, trucking and rail services to move salt from our production facilities to the distribution outlets and customers
A reduction in the availability of transportation services or a significant increase in transportation service rates could impair our ability to economically deliver salt to our markets
Competition in our markets could limit our ability to attract and retain customers, force us to continuously make capital investments and put pressure on the prices we can charge for our products
We encounter competition in all areas of our business
Competition in our product lines is based on a number of 12 _________________________________________________________________ [71]Table of Contents COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, INC 2005 FORM 10-K considerations, including product performance, transportation costs in salt distribution, brand reputation, quality of client service and support, and price
Additionally, customers for our products are attempting to reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase in order to increase their efficiency
Our customers increasingly demand a broad product range and we must continue to develop our expertise in order to manufacture and market these products successfully
To remain competitive, we will need to invest continuously in manufacturing, marketing, customer service and support and our distribution networks
We may have to adjust the prices of some of our products to stay competitive
We may not have sufficient resources to continue to make such investments or maintain our competitive position
Some of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do
Environmental laws and regulation may subject us to significant liability and require us to incur additional costs in the future
We are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the United States, Canada and Europe, including laws and regulations relating to land reclamation and remediation of hazardous substance releases, and discharges to air and water
For example CERCLA imposes liability, without regard to fault or to the legality of a party’s conduct, on certain categories of persons (known as “potentially responsible parties” (“PRPs”)) who are considered to have contributed to the release of “hazardous substances” into the environment
Although we are not currently incurring material liabilities pursuant to CERCLA, we may in the future incur material liabilities under CERCLA and other environmental cleanup laws, with regard to our current or former facilities, adjacent or nearby third-party facilities, or off-site disposal locations
Under CERCLA, or its various state analogues, one party may, under some circumstances, be required to bear more than its proportional share of cleanup costs at a site where it has liability if payments cannot be obtained from other responsible parties
Liability under these laws involves inherent uncertainties
Violations of environmental, health and safety laws are subject to civil, and in some cases, criminal sanctions
We have received notices from governmental agencies that we may be a PRP at certain sites under CERCLA or other environmental cleanup laws
We have entered into “de minimis” settlement agreements with the United States with respect to certain CERCLA sites, pursuant to which we have made one-time cash payments and received statutory protection from future claims arising from those sites
At other sites for which we have received notice of potential CERCLA liability, we have provided information to the EPA that we believe demonstrates that we are not liable and the EPA has not asserted claims against us with respect to such sites
In some instances, we have agreed, pursuant to consent orders or agreements with the appropriate governmental agencies, to undertake investigations which currently are in progress, to determine whether remedial action may be required to address such contamination
At other locations, we have entered into consent orders or agreements with appropriate governmental agencies to perform remedial activities that will address identified site conditions
At the present time, we are not aware of any additional sites for which we expect to receive a notice from the EPA of potential CERCLA liability
However, based on past operations there is a potential that we may receive such notices in the future for sites of which we are currently unaware
Taking into account established reserves, expenditures for our known environmental liabilities and site conditions currently are not expected, individually or in the aggregate, to be material
However, material expenditures could be required in the future to remediate the contamination at these or at other current or former sites
We have also developed alternative mine uses
For example, we entered into a joint venture with a subsidiary of Veolia Environnement, a business with operations in the waste management industry
The joint venture is permitted by the jurisdictional environmental agency to dispose of certain stable types of hazardous waste in our salt mine in the United Kingdom
We believe that the mine is stable and provides a secure disposal location
However, we recognize that any temporary or permanent storage of hazardous waste may involve risks to the environment
Although we believe that we have taken these risks into account as much as possible in our planning process, it is possible that material expenditures could be required in the future to further reduce this risk, or to remediate any future contamination
Continued government and public emphasis on environmental issues can be expected to result in increased future investments for environmental controls at ongoing operations, which will be charged against income from future operations
Present and future environmental laws and regulations applicable to our operations may require substantial capital expenditures and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
” The Canadian government’s proposal to designate road salt as a toxic substance could have a material adverse effect on our business, including reduced sales and the incurrence of substantial costs and expenditures
In December 2001, the Canadian government released a Priority Substances List Assessment Report for road salt
This report found that road salts are entering the environment under conditions that may have a harmful effect or constitute a danger to the environment
Based on this report, the Minister of Environment has proposed designating road salt as a “toxic” substance pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Protection Act
Canada’s federal cabinet, which has ultimate responsibility, has not yet taken final action with respect to this proposal and is not subject to any deadline to do so
This proposal was subject to a public comment, during which individuals and the municipalities which comprise most of our customers expressed a variety of views, including noting the utility and cost-efficiency of salt as compared to other potential measures to reduce ice-related road hazards
At this point, Environment Canada has indicated that, whether or not road salts are declared toxic, their preferred course of action is the establishment of voluntary guidelines for users as opposed to any form of regulation
Environment Canada has been developing these guidelines based on consultation with a broad-based stakeholders group, which includes the salt industry
On April 3, 2004, Environment Canada published a Code of Practice to serve as these guidelines
The Code of Practice requires large road salt users to develop salt management plans
We do not believe that this will have a material direct effect on us, but the new salt management plans may lead our customers in Canada to require less road salt
13 _________________________________________________________________ [72]Table of Contents COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, INC 2005 FORM 10-K Given the importance of road salt for traffic safety and the current lack of any practical substitute, we deem it unlikely that any guidelines or regulations would result in a complete ban on the use of road salt
As noted in the December 2001 report, the use of road salt and other deicing agents “is an important component of strategies to keep roadways open and safe during the winter and minimize traffic crashes, injuries and mortality under icy and snowy conditions
” The report further stated that mitigation measures “must be based on optimization of winter road maintenance practices so as not to jeopardize road safety, while minimizing the potential for harm to the environment
Environment Canada recently confirmed the high importance of road safety in its proposed regulation of road salt
In its September 22, 2003 press release in connection with the proposed Code of Practice, it indicated that the proposed code “will provide those who use road salts with a way to reduce harm to the environment without jeopardizing road safety
” Since the dissemination of the December 2001 report, we have endeavored to work more closely with the national government as well as provinces and municipalities to better manage the use, storage and release of our road salts
We cannot predict whether the proposal to designate road salt as a toxic substance will be finalized or the promulgation of any other future regulation
Standardized guidelines for the use and storage of road salt or any alternate deicing products may cause us to suffer reduced sales and incur substantial costs and expenses that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
In addition, while we are not aware of any similar governmental proposals for such designation of road salt in either the United States or the United Kingdom, we cannot guarantee that such proposals will not arise
Our operations are dependent on our rights to mine our property and having received the required permits and approvals from governmental authorities
We hold numerous governmental, environmental, mining and other permits and approvals authorizing operations at each of our facilities
A decision by a governmental agency to deny or delay issuing a new or renewed permit or approval, or to revoke or substantially modify an existing permit or approval, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue operations at the affected facility
Expansion of our existing operations also is predicated upon securing the necessary environmental or other permits or approvals
We currently do not have any material pending permits or approvals
In addition, we are aware of an aboriginal land claim filed by The Chippewas of Nawash and the Chippewas of Saugeen (the “Chippewas”) in the Ontario Superior Court against The Attorney General of Canada and Her Majesty The Queen In Right of Ontario
The Chippewas claim that a large part of the land under Lake Huron was never conveyed by treaty and therefore belongs to the Chippewas
The land claimed includes land under which our Goderich mine operates and has mining rights granted to it by the government of Ontario
We are not a party to this court action
Similar claims are pending with respect to other parts of the Great Lakes by other aboriginal claimants
We have been informed by the Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario that “Canada takes the position that the common law does not recognize aboriginal title to the Great Lakes and its connecting waterways
” We do not believe that this action will result in a material adverse financial effect on the Company
Protection of proprietary technology — Our intellectual property may be misappropriated or subject to claims of infringement
We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret protection, as well as licensing agreements and third-party nondisclosure and assignment agreements
We cannot assure you that any of our applications for protection of our intellectual property rights will be approved or that others will not infringe or challenge our intellectual property rights
We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology
It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology
To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we require employees, consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements
Many of our important brand names are registered as trademarks in the United States and foreign countries
These registrations can be renewed if the trademark remains in use
These agreements may not provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation or disclosure
If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, we may lose the competitive advantage provided by our intellectual property
As a result, our results of operations may be adversely affected
If we are unsuccessful in negotiating new collective bargaining agreements, we may experience significant increases in the cost of labor or a disruption in our operations
As of December 31, 2005, we had 1cmam506 employees, of which 746 are employed in the United States, 673 in Canada and 87 in the United Kingdom
Approximately 35prca of our US workforce and 55prca of our global workforce is represented by labor unions
Of our nine material collective bargaining agreements, four will expire in 2006, three will expire in 2007 and two will expire in 2008
Additionally, approximately 6prca of our workforce is employed in Europe where trade union membership is common
Although we believe that our relations with our employees are good, as a result of general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, political and other factors beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in negotiating new collective bargaining agreements, that such negotiations will not result in significant increases in the cost of labor or that a breakdown in such negotiations will not result in the disruption of our operations
We rely on independent distributors and the loss of a substantial number of these distributors may reduce our profits and sales
In addition to our own direct sales force, we depend on the services of independent distributors to sell our products and provide service and aftermarket support to our customers
In 2005, 12prca of our sales, net of shipping and handling costs, were generated through these independent distributors
Many of these independent distributors are not bound to us by exclusive 14 _________________________________________________________________ [73]Table of Contents COMPASS MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, INC 2005 FORM 10-K distribution contracts and may offer products of, and services to, businesses that compete with ours
In addition, the majority of the distribution contracts we have with these independent distributors are cancelable by the distributor after providing us with notice, which on average is six months prior to termination
The loss of a substantial number of these distributors or the decision by many of these distributors to offer competitors’ products to the end customers could materially reduce our sales and profits
If we cannot successfully complete acquisitions or integrate acquired businesses, our growth may be limited and our financial condition adversely affected
Our business strategy includes supplementing internal growth by pursuing acquisitions of small complementary businesses
We may be unable to complete acquisitions on acceptable terms, identify suitable businesses to acquire or successfully integrate acquired businesses in the future
We compete with other potential buyers for the acquisition of other small complementary businesses
These competition and regulatory considerations may result in fewer acquisition opportunities
If we cannot complete acquisitions, our growth may be limited and our financial condition may be adversely affected
Our business is dependent upon highly skilled personnel, and the loss of key personnel may have a material adverse effect on our development and results of operations
The success of our business is dependent on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled managers and other personnel
We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and retain the personnel necessary for the development of our business
The loss of the services of key personnel or the failure to attract additional personnel as required could have a material adverse effect on our development and results of operations
We do not currently maintain “key person” life insurance on any of our key employees
On November 4, 2005, our Chief Executive Officer, Michael E Ducey, announced plans to retire at the end of 2006
The Company’s board of directors has initiated a search for his replacement although no successor has been named
Risks Related to Our Common Stock Our common stock price may be volatile
Our common stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events, including, but not limited to: • our quarterly operating results; • weather conditions that impact our highway deicing product line; • future announcements concerning our business; • changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts; • changes and developments affecting internal controls over financial reporting; • actions of competitors; • market and industry perception of our success, or lack thereof, in pursuing our growth strategy; • changes in government and environmental regulation; • changes and developments affecting the salt industry; • general market, economic and political conditions; and • natural disasters, terrorist attacks and acts of war
We may be restricted from paying cash dividends on our common stock in the future
We currently declare and pay regular quarterly cash dividends on our common stock
Any payment of cash dividends will depend upon our financial condition, earnings, legal requirements, restrictions in our debt agreements and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors
The terms of our senior secured credit facilities limit annual dividends to dlra55 million plus 50prca of preceding year net income, as defined, and may restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock if CMG’s total leverage ratio exceeds 4dtta25 or if a default or event of default has occurred and is continuing under the facilities
The terms of our indentures may also restrict us from paying cash dividends on our common stock
The payment of a cash dividend on our common stock is considered a restricted payment under our indentures and we are restricted from paying any cash dividend on our common stock unless we satisfy minimum requirements with respect to our cumulative consolidated net income (plus any additional cash proceeds received upon the issuance of our common stock) and our fixed charge coverage ratio
We cannot assure you that the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness, including our senior secured credit facilities, will permit us to pay dividends on our common stock
Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect our common stock price
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline
This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities
We are authorized to issue up to 200cmam000cmam000 shares of common stock, of which 31cmam834cmam324 shares of common stock were outstanding and 786cmam519 shares of common stock were issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, issuance of earned deferred stock units, and vesting of restricted stock units as of December 31, 2005
We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares of our common stock would have on the market price of our common stock