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Wiki Wiki Summary
Reciprocity (engineering) Reciprocity in linear systems is the principle that a response Rab, measured at a location (and direction if applicable) a, when the system has an excitation signal applied at a location (and direction if applicable) b, is exactly equal to Rba which is the response at location b, when that same excitation is applied at a. This applies for all frequencies of the excitation signal.
List of political parties in the Republic of Ireland There are a number of political parties in Ireland, and coalition governments are common. The two historically largest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, arose from a split in the original Sinn Féin, Fine Gael from the faction Cumann na nGaedheal that supported the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty and Fianna Fáil from the anti-Treaty faction.
Iraqi Accord Front The Iraqi Accord Front or Iraqi Accordance Front (Arabic: جبهة التوافق العراقية Jabhet Al-Tawafuq Al-'Iraqiyah) also known as Tawafuq is an Iraqi Sunni political coalition created on October 26, 2005 by the Iraqi Islamic Party to contest the December 2005 general election. As a large section of Iraq's Sunnis are composed by the populous Kurds, situated in northern Iraq and locally autonomous, the party's members are mostly Arab, and as such, its political efforts have largely been focused on protecting this community's interests as opposed to Iraq's non-Sunni population.
Secured transaction In finance, a secured transaction is a loan or a credit transaction in which the lender acquires a security interest in collateral owned by the borrower and is entitled to foreclose on or repossess the collateral in the event of the borrower's default. The terms of the relationship are governed by a contract, or security agreement.
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, colloquially known as Tommy John surgery (TJS), is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor. The procedure is common among collegiate and professional athletes in several sports, particularly in baseball.
Collateral (TV series) Collateral is a four-part British television drama serial, written and created by David Hare, and directed by S. J. Clarkson. It was first broadcast on BBC Two on 12 February 2018.
Ivor Montagu Ivor Goldsmid Samuel Montagu (23 April 1904, in Kensington, London – 5 November 1984, in Watford) was an English filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, film critic, writer, table tennis player, and Communist activist in the 1930s. He helped to develop a lively intellectual film culture in Britain during the interwar years, and was also the founder of the International Table Tennis Federation.
Interest In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay the lender or some third party.
Mortgage underwriting in the United States Mortgage underwriting is the process a lender uses to determine if the risk of offering a mortgage loan to a particular borrower under certain parameters is acceptable. Most of the risks and terms that underwriters consider fall under the three C's of underwriting: credit, capacity and collateral.
Financial instrument Financial instruments are monetary contracts between parties. They can be created, traded, modified and settled.
PM Kusum Scheme Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (KUSUM) Yojana was launched by the Government of India to increase the income of farmers and provide sources for irrigation and de-dieselising the agricultural sector. The PM-Kusum scheme got administrative approval in March 2019 and guidelines were prepared in July 2019.
Saint Joan (play) Saint Joan is a play by George Bernard Shaw about 15th-century French military figure Joan of Arc. Premiering in 1923, three years after her canonization by the Roman Catholic Church, the play reflects Shaw's belief that the people involved in Joan's trial acted according to what they thought was right.
Conflict (process) A conflict is a struggle and a clash of interest, opinion, or even principles. Conflict will always be found in society; as the basis of conflict may vary to be personal, racial, class, caste, political and international.
Earnings response coefficient In financial economics, finance, and accounting, the earnings response coefficient, or ERC, is the estimated relationship between equity returns and the unexpected portion of (i.e., new information in) companies' earnings announcements.\n\n\n== Development ==\nArbitrage pricing theory describes the theoretical relationship between information that is known to market participants about a particular equity (e.g., a common stock share of a particular company) and the price of that equity.
Market value Market value or OMV (Open Market Valuation) is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Market value is often used interchangeably with open market value, fair value or fair market value, although these terms have distinct definitions in different standards, and differ in some circumstances.
International Standards on Auditing International Standards on Auditing (ISA) are professional standards for the auditing of financial information. These standards are issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB).
German Banking Industry Committee The German Banking Industry Committee (GBIC) (German: Die Deutsche Kreditwirtschaft / DK), previously known as the Central Credit Committee (German: Zentraler Kreditausschuss / ZKA) is an industry association of the German banking industry. Its decisions are held normative for the national banking sector – either directly by interbank treaties or indirectly by preparing a corresponding ministerial or Bundesbank decision.
Given circumstances The term Given Circumstances is a principle from Russian theatre practitioner Konstantin Stanislavski's methodology for actor training, formulated in the first half of the 20th century at the Moscow Art Theatre. \nThe term given circumstances is applied to the total set of environmental and situational conditions which influence the actions that a character in a drama undertakes.
Corporate behaviour Corporate behaviour is the actions of a company or group who are acting as a single body. It defines the company's ethical strategies and describes the image of the company.
Jordan Jordan (Arabic: الأردن; tr. Al-ʾUrdunn [al.ʔur.dunː]), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in Western Asia.
Serial communication In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication, where several bits are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
Block, Inc. Block, Inc., formerly Square, Inc., is an American financial services and digital payments company based in San Francisco, California. The company was founded in 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey and launched its first platform in 2010.
Richard Lynn Richard Lynn (born 20 February 1930, Hampstead) is a controversial English psychologist and author. He is a former professor emeritus of psychology at Ulster University, having had the title withdrawn by the university in 2018.
Select Portfolio Servicing Select Portfolio Servicing, Inc. (SPS) is a loan servicing company founded in 1989 as Fairbanks Capital Corp.
Chester Adgate Congdon Chester Adgate Congdon (June 12, 1853 – November 21, 1916), was a lawyer and capitalist. Congdon was born in Rochester, New York, on June 12, 1853, his parents being Sylvester Laurentius and Laura Jane (Adgate) Congdon.
Northern Tier (Pennsylvania) The Northern Tier is a geographic region consisting of five rural counties in north-central Pennsylvania.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe region is bordered to the north by the Southern Tier of New York state.
Time value of money The time value of money is the widely accepted conjecture that there is greater benefit to receiving a sum of money now rather than an identical sum later. It may be seen as an implication of the later-developed concept of time preference.
Competitive inhibition Competitive inhibition is interruption of a chemical pathway owing to one chemical substance inhibiting the effect of another by competing with it for binding or bonding. Any metabolic or chemical messenger system can potentially be affected by this principle, but several classes of competitive inhibition are especially important in biochemistry and medicine, including the competitive form of enzyme inhibition, the competitive form of receptor antagonism, the competitive form of antimetabolite activity, and the competitive form of poisoning (which can include any of the aforementioned types).
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States.
Sperm competition Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction. Competition can occur when females have multiple potential mating partners.
Formula One car A Formula One car (also known as an F1 car) is a single-seat, open-cockpit, open-wheel formula racing car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind the driver, intended to be used in competition at Formula One racing events. The regulations governing the cars are unique to the championship and specify that cars must be constructed by the racing teams themselves, though the design and manufacture can be outsourced.
Antonio Lagdameo Jr. Antonio Ernesto "Anton" Floirendo Lagdameo Jr. (born January 22, 1968) is a Filipino politician and businessman who served as the Representative of Davao del Norte's 2nd district from 2007 to 2016.
Condom effectiveness Condom effectiveness is how effective condoms are at preventing STDs and pregnancy. Correctly using male condoms and other barriers like female condoms and dental dams, every time, can reduce (though not eliminate) the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis.
Efficacy Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from the same roots as effectiveness, and it has often been used synonymously, although in pharmacology a distinction is now often made between efficacy and effectiveness.The word efficacy is used in pharmacology and medicine to refer both to the maximum response achievable from a pharmaceutical drug in research settings, and to the capacity for sufficient therapeutic effect or beneficial change in clinical settings.
Metropolitan Police Act 1839 The Metropolitan Police Act 1839 (2 & 3 Vict c 47) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act enlarged the district of, and gave greatly increased powers to the Metropolitan Police established by the Metropolitan Police Act 1829.
Risk Factors
CITIZENS & NORTHERN CORP ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS The Corporation is subject to the many risks and uncertainties applicable to all banking companies, as well as risks specific to the Corporationapstas geographic locations
Although the Corporation seeks to effectively manage risks, and maintains a level of equity that exceeds the banking regulatory agencies &apos thresholds for being considered &quote well capitalized &quote (see Note 21 to the consolidated financial statements), management cannot predict the future and cannot eliminate the possibility of credit, operational or other losses
Accordingly, actual results may differ materially from managementapstas expectations
Some of the Corporationapstas significant risks and uncertainties are discussed below
CREDIT RISK FROM LENDING ACTIVITIES - A significant source of risk is the possibility that losses will be sustained because borrowers, guarantors and related parties may fail to perform in accordance with the terms of their loan agreements
Most of the Corporationapstas loans are secured, but some loans are unsecured
With respect to secured loans, the collateral securing the repayment of these loans may be insufficient to cover the obligations owed under such loans
Collateral values may be adversely affected by changes in economic, environmental and other conditions, including declines in the value of real estate, changes in interest rates, changes in monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government, wide-spread disease, terrorist activity, environmental contamination and other external events
In addition, collateral appraisals that are out of date or that do not meet industry recognized standards may create the impression that a loan is adequately collateralized when it is not
The Corporation has adopted underwriting and credit monitoring procedures and policies, including regular reviews of appraisals and borrower financial statements, that management believes are appropriate to mitigate the risk of loss
Also, as discussed further in the &quote Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses &quote section of Managementapstas Discussion and Analysis, the Corporation attempts to estimate the amount of losses that may be inherent in the portfolio through a quarterly evaluation process that includes several members of management and that addresses specifically identified problem loans, as well as other quantitative data and qualitative factors
Such risk management and accounting policies and procedures, however, may not prevent unexpected losses that could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
3 INTEREST RATE RISK - Business risk arising from changes in interest rates is an inherent factor in operating a banking organization
The Corporationapstas assets are predominantly long-term, fixed rate loans and debt securities
Funding for these assets comes principally from shorter-term deposits and borrowed funds
Accordingly, there is an inherent risk of lower future earnings or decline in fair value of the Corporationapstas financial instruments when interest rates change
Significant fluctuations in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
For additional information regarding interest rate risk, see Part II, Item 7A, &quote Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk &quote
EQUITY SECURITIES RISK - The Corporationapstas equity securities portfolio consists primarily of investments in stocks of banks and bank holding companies, mainly based in Pennsylvania
Investments in bank stocks are subject to the risk factors affecting the banking industry, and that could cause a general market decline in the value of bank stocks
Also, losses could occur in individual stocks held by the Corporation because of specific circumstances related to each bank
Further, because of the concentration of its holdings in Pennsylvania banks, these investments could decline in value if there were a downturn in the stateapstas economy
These factors could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
For additional information regarding equity securities risk, see Part II, Item 7A, &quote Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk &quote
BREACH OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND TECHNOLOGY DEPENDENCE - The Corporation relies on software, communication, and information exchange on a variety of computing platforms and networks and over the Internet
Despite numerous safeguards, the Corporation cannot be certain that all of its systems are entirely free from vulnerability to attack or other technological difficulties or failures
The Corporation relies on the services of a variety of vendors to meet its data processing and communication needs
If information security is breached or other technology difficulties or failures occur, information may be lost or misappropriated, services and operations may be interrupted and the Corporation could be exposed to claims from customers
Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC DIVERSIFICATION - The Corporation grants commercial, residential and personal loans to customers primarily in the Pennsylvania Counties of Tioga, Bradford, Sullivan and Lycoming, and in Steuben and Allegany Counties in New York State
Although the Corporation has a diversified loan portfolio, a significant portion of its debtors &apos ability to honor their contracts is dependent on the local economic conditions within the region
Deterioration in economic conditions could adversely affect the quality of the Corporationapstas loan portfolio and the demand for its products and services, and accordingly, could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
GROWTH STRATEGY - In recent years, the Corporation has expanded its operations by adding new branches in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and by acquiring Canisteo Valley Corporation in the southern tier of New York State
The Corporationapstas future financial performance will depend on its ability to execute its strategic plan and manage its future growth
Failure to execute these plans could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
COMPETITION - All phases of the Corporationapstas business are competitive
Some competitors are much larger in total assets and capitalization than the Corporation, have greater access to capital markets and can offer a broader array of financial services
There can be no assurance that the Corporation will be able to compete effectively in its markets
Furthermore, developments increasing the nature or level of competition could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
GOVERNMENT REGULATION AND MONETARY POLICY - The Corporation and the banking industry are subject to extensive regulation and supervision under federal and state laws and regulations
The restrictions imposed by such laws and regulations limit the manner in which the Corporation conducts its business, undertakes new investments and activities and obtains financing
These regulations are designed primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance funds and consumers and not to benefit the Corporationapstas shareholders
Financial institution regulation has been the subject of significant legislation in recent years and may be the subject of further significant legislation in the future, none of which is in the control of the Corporation
Significant new laws or changes in, or repeals of, existing laws could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
Further, federal monetary policy, particularly as implemented through the Federal Reserve System, significantly affects short-term interest rates and credit conditions, and any unfavorable change in these conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity
4 BANK SECRECY ACT AND RELATED LAWS AND REGULATIONS - These laws and regulations have significant implications for all financial institutions
They increase due diligence requirements and reporting obligations for financial institutions, create new crimes and penalties, and require the federal banking agencies, in reviewing merger and other acquisition transactions, to consider the effectiveness of the parties to such transactions in combating money laundering activities
Even innocent noncompliance and inconsequential failure to follow the regulations could result in significant fines or other penalties, which could have a material adverse impact on the Corporationapstas financial condition, results of operations or liquidity